{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T10:10:35Z","timestamp":1773655835923,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW","award":["Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The study relates to the use of automated plant protection systems in agriculture. The article presents a proprietary automated mobile platform with an aerosol generator of hot mist. Furthermore, the cause of the loss of a chemical preparation in the spraying of plant protection products on the tree crown was determined in the course of field research. A statistical analysis of the results of experiment was carried out and the effect of droplet size on leaf coating density was determined. The manuscript presents a diagram of the degree of penetration of the working solution as it drops into the crown of the tree, as well as a cross-sectional graph of the permeability of the spray from the projection of the fruit tree crown. The most effective modes of operation of the automated mobile platform for spraying plant protection products with a mist generator aggregate were established. Analysis of the results shows that the device meets the spraying requirements of the procedure for spraying plant protection products. The novelty of this research lies in the optimal modes identified by movement of the developed automated mobile platform and the parameters of plant treatment with protective equipment when using a hot mist generator. The following mode parameters were established: the speed of the automated platform was 3.4 km\/h, the distance to the crown of the tree was 1.34 m, and the flow rate of the working fluid was 44.1 L\/h. Average fuel consumption was 2.5 L\/h. Effective aerosol penetration reduced the amount of working fluid used by up to 50 times.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22093164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]],"date-time":"2022-04-21T03:46:11Z","timestamp":1650512771000},"page":"3164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Automated Mobile Hot Mist Generator: A Quest for Effectiveness in Fruit Horticulture"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Dmitriy","family":"Khort","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technologies and Machines for Horticulture, Viticulture and Nursery, Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, 1-st Institutsky Proezd, 5, 109428 Moscow, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7643-775X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey","family":"Kutyrev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technologies and Machines for Horticulture, Viticulture and Nursery, Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, 1-st Institutsky Proezd, 5, 109428 Moscow, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7682-280X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolay","family":"Kiktev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intelligent Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrs\u2019ka Str., 64\/13, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine"},{"name":"Department of Automation and Robotic Systems, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Heroiv Oborony Str., 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9086-3672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taras","family":"Hutsol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanics and Agroecosystems Engineering, Polissia National University, Stary Boulevard, 7, 10008 Zhytomyr, Ukraine"},{"name":"Department of Machine Use in Agriculture, Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University, B. Khmelnytsky Ave., 18, 72312 Melitopol, Ukraine"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0373-6633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szymon","family":"Glowacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamentals of Engineering and Power Engineering, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4847-8743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Kubo\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Engineering, Logistics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 116B, 30-149 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Eastern European State College of Higher Education in Przemysl, Ksiazat Lubomirskich 6, 37-700 Przemysl, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2821-3377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Nurek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosystem Engineering, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Anatolii","family":"Rud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Higher Educational Institution \u201cPodillia State University\u201d, 32316 Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6283-6952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zofia","family":"Gr\u00f3dek-Szostak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics and Enterprise Organization, Cracow University of Economics, 31-510 Krakow, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Blinnikova, O.M. 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