{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:09:34Z","timestamp":1760227774258,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry for University and Research (MUR) and European Union (EU)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High-flux X-ray measurements with high-energy resolution and high throughput require the mitigation of pile-up and dead time effects. The reduction of the time width of the shaped pulses is a key approach, taking into account the distortions from the ballistic deficit, non-linearity, and time instabilities. In this work, we will present the performance of cadmium\u2013zinc\u2013telluride (CdZnTe or CZT) pixel detectors equipped with digital shapers faster than the preamplifier peaking times (ballistic deficit pulse processing). The effects on energy resolution, throughput, energy-linearity, time stability, charge sharing, and pile-up are shown. The results highlight the absence of time instabilities and high-energy resolution (&lt;4% FWHM at 122 keV) when ballistic deficit pulse processing (dead time of 90 ns) was used in CZT pixel detectors. These activities are in the framework of an international collaboration on the development of spectroscopic imagers for medical applications (mammography, computed tomography) and non-destructive testing in the food industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22093409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T07:08:58Z","timestamp":1651475338000},"page":"3409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ballistic Deficit Pulse Processing in Cadmium\u2013Zinc\u2013Telluride Pixel Detectors for High-Flux X-ray Measurements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Antonino","family":"Buttacavoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)\u2014Emilio Segr\u00e8, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2787-0877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Principato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)\u2014Emilio Segr\u00e8, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Gerardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)\u2014Emilio Segr\u00e8, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4062-3782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuele","family":"Bettelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMEM\/CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37\/A, 43100 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6916-2716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Zappettini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMEM\/CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37\/A, 43100 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Seller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UKRI Science & Technology Facilities Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5457-4884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew C.","family":"Veale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UKRI Science & Technology Facilities Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4330-0831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Zanettini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"due2lab s.r.l., Via Paolo Borsellino 2, 42019 Scandiano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Abbene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)\u2014Emilio Segr\u00e8, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2014.10.079","article-title":"Energy dispersive CdTe and CdZnTe detectors for spectral clinical CT and NDT applications","volume":"784","author":"Barber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucl. 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