{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T19:30:05Z","timestamp":1773516605723,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Controller design and signal processing for the control of air-vehicles have gained extreme importance while interacting with humans to form a brain\u2013computer interface. This is because fewer commands need to be mapped into multiple controls. For our anticipated biomedical sensor for breath analysis, it is mandatory to provide medication to the patients on an urgent basis. To address this increasingly tense situation in terms of emergencies, we plan to design an unmanned vehicle that can aid spontaneously to monitor the person\u2019s health, and help the physician spontaneously during the rescue mission. Simultaneously, that must be done in such a computationally efficient algorithm that the minimum amount of energy resources are consumed. For this purpose, we resort to an unmanned logistic air-vehicle which flies from the medical centre to the affected person. After obtaining restricted permission from the regional administration, numerous challenges are identified for this design. The device is able to lift a weight of 2 kg successfully which is required for most emergency medications, while choosing the smallest distance to the destination with the GPS. By recording the movement of the vehicle in numerous directions, the results deviate to a maximum of 2% from theoretical investigations. In this way, our biomedical sensor provides critical information to the physician, who is able to provide medication to the patient urgently. On account of reasonable supply of medicines to the destination in terms of weight and time, this experimentation has been rendered satisfactory by the relevant physicians in the vicinity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22093413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T07:08:58Z","timestamp":1651475338000},"page":"3413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Laser Based Biomedical Sensor Development and Examination of Device Trajectory"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1067-4415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Usman","family":"Masud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, University of Kassel, 34127 Kassel, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0170-5286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tareq","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nonlinear Analysis and Applied Mathematics (NAAM)-Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1483-1801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faraz","family":"Akram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Hunida","family":"Malaikah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3116-8813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Altaf","family":"Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Management, Industrial Engineering and Tourism (DEGEIT), University of Aveiro, 3800-000 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rezeika, A., Benda, M., Stawicki, P., Gembler, F., Saboor, A., and Volosyak, I. (2018). Brain\u2013Computer Interface Spellers: A Review. Brain Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci8040057"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2019.2892967","article-title":"An Online Interactive Paradigm for P300 Brain-Computer Interface Speller","volume":"27","author":"Gu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. 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