{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T02:00:23Z","timestamp":1784685623126,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62171073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62171073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BYJS202103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BYJS202103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["200027-01SZ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200027-01SZ"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Doctoral Training Program of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","award":["62171073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62171073"]}]},{"name":"Doctoral Training Program of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","award":["BYJS202103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BYJS202103"]}]},{"name":"Doctoral Training Program of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","award":["200027-01SZ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200027-01SZ"]}]},{"name":"Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province","award":["62171073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62171073"]}]},{"name":"Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province","award":["BYJS202103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BYJS202103"]}]},{"name":"Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province","award":["200027-01SZ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200027-01SZ"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the rapid growth in healthcare demand, an emergent, novel technology called wireless body area networks (WBANs) have become promising and have been widely used in the field of human health monitoring. A WBAN can collect human physical parameters through the medical sensors in or around the patient\u2019s body to realize real-time continuous remote monitoring. Compared to other wireless transmission technologies, a WBAN has more stringent technical requirements and challenges in terms of power efficiency, security and privacy, quality of service and other specifications. In this paper, we review the recent WBAN medical applications, existing requirements and challenges and their solutions. We conducted a comprehensive investigation of WBANs, from the sensor technology for the collection to the wireless transmission technology for the transmission process, such as frequency bands, channel models, medium access control (MAC) and networking protocols. Then we reviewed its unique safety and energy consumption issues. In particular, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)-based WBAN scheme is presented to improve its security and privacy and achieve ultra-low energy consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22093539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,8]],"date-time":"2022-05-08T23:27:25Z","timestamp":1652052445000},"page":"3539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Technological Requirements and Challenges in Wireless Body Area Networks for Health Monitoring: A Comprehensive Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Lisha","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"},{"name":"School of Medical Information and Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuling","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinzhao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"},{"name":"School of Medical Information and Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4157-9066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3918-069X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhangyong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2016). 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