{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:31:10Z","timestamp":1772757070659,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]],"date-time":"2022-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science Foundation Ireland","award":["16\/RC\/3918"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16\/RC\/3918"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents the formation tracking problem for non-holonomic automated guided vehicles. Specifically, we focus on a decentralized leader\u2013follower approach using linear quadratic regulator control. We study the impact of communication packet loss\u2014containing the position of the leader\u2014on the performance of the presented formation control scheme. The simulation results indicate that packet loss degrades the formation control performance. In order to improve the control performance under packet loss, we propose the use of a long short-term memory neural network to predict the position of the leader by the followers in the event of packet loss. The proposed scheme is compared with two other prediction methods, namely, memory consensus protocol and gated recurrent unit. The simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the long short-term memory in packet loss compensation in comparison with memory consensus protocol and gated recurrent unit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22093552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,8]],"date-time":"2022-05-08T23:27:25Z","timestamp":1652052445000},"page":"3552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Formation Control of Automated Guided Vehicles in the Presence of Packet Loss"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1732-1252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leila","family":"Sedghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Information Technology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7558-2015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jobish","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Information Technology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0587-3145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md","family":"Noor-A-Rahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Information Technology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9706-5705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"Pesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Information Technology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2021.102309","article-title":"Safe and secure platooning of Automated Guided Vehicles in Industry 4.0","volume":"121","author":"Javed","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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