{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T13:58:54Z","timestamp":1780408734869,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61871005, 11804013, 61801312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61871005, 11804013, 61801312"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["4222001, 4184081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4222001, 4184081"]}]},{"name":"the Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["61871005, 11804013, 61801312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61871005, 11804013, 61801312"]}]},{"name":"the Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["4222001, 4184081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4222001, 4184081"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fetal electrocardiograms (FECGs) provide important clinical information for early diagnosis and intervention. However, FECG signals are extremely weak and are greatly influenced by noises. FECG signal extraction and detection are still challenging. In this work, we combined the fast independent component analysis (FastICA) algorithm with singular value decomposition (SVD) to extract FECG signals. The improved wavelet mode maximum method was applied to detect QRS waves and ST segments of FECG signals. We used the abdominal and direct fetal ECG database (ADFECGDB) and the Cardiology Challenge Database (PhysioNet2013) to verify the proposed algorithm. The signal-to-noise ratio of the best channel signal reached 45.028 dB and the issue of missing waveforms was addressed. The sensitivity, positive predictive value and F1 score of fetal QRS wave detection were 96.90%, 98.23%, and 95.24%, respectively. The proposed algorithm may be used as a new method for FECG signal extraction and detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22103705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T23:08:36Z","timestamp":1652396916000},"page":"3705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Fetal Electrocardiogram Signal Extraction Based on Fast Independent Component Analysis and Singular Value Decomposition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jingyu","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0570-8473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuhuang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuicai","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.02.012","article-title":"Evaluation of an external fetal electrocardiogram monitoring system: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"223","author":"Monson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. 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