{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T21:28:40Z","timestamp":1779917320557,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1C1C1004385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1C1C1004385"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1C1C1005523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1C1C1005523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A4A1032782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A4A1032782"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is extensive interest in developing real-time biosensing strategies to characterize the membrane-disruptive properties of antimicrobial lipids and surfactants. Currently used biosensing strategies mainly focus on tracking membrane morphological changes such as budding and tubule formation, while there is an outstanding need to develop a label-free biosensing strategy to directly evaluate the molecular-level mechanistic details by which antimicrobial lipids and surfactants disrupt lipid membranes. Herein, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), we conducted label-free biosensing measurements to track the real-time interactions between three representative compounds\u2014glycerol monolaurate (GML), lauric acid (LA), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)\u2014and a tethered bilayer lipid membrane (tBLM) platform. The EIS measurements verified that all three compounds are mainly active above their respective critical micelle concentration (CMC) values, while also revealing that GML induces irreversible membrane damage whereas the membrane-disruptive effects of LA are largely reversible. In addition, SDS micelles caused membrane solubilization, while SDS monomers still caused membrane defect formation, shedding light on how antimicrobial lipids and surfactants can be active in, not only micellar form, but also as monomers in some cases. These findings expand our mechanistic knowledge of how antimicrobial lipids and surfactants disrupt lipid membranes and demonstrate the analytical merits of utilizing the EIS sensing approach to comparatively evaluate membrane-disruptive antimicrobial compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22103712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,15]],"date-time":"2022-05-15T09:48:22Z","timestamp":1652608102000},"page":"3712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Mechanistic Evaluation of Antimicrobial Lipid Interactions with Tethered Lipid Bilayers by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Sue Woon","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Translational Nanobioscience Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won-Yong","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Translational Nanobioscience Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo Kyeong","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Healthcare and Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1800-8102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua A.","family":"Jackman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Translational Nanobioscience Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.1c00647","article-title":"Advances in Biosensor Technologies for Infection Diagnostics","volume":"55","author":"Cheon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acc. 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