{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T07:26:03Z","timestamp":1767597963774,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]],"date-time":"2022-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["51877070","U20A20198","51577048","E2021208008","A201905008","KFKT201901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51877070","U20A20198","51577048","E2021208008","A201905008","KFKT201901"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China","award":["51877070","U20A20198","51577048","E2021208008","A201905008","KFKT201901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51877070","U20A20198","51577048","E2021208008","A201905008","KFKT201901"]}]},{"name":"Talent Engineering Training Support Project of Hebei Province","award":["51877070","U20A20198","51577048","E2021208008","A201905008","KFKT201901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51877070","U20A20198","51577048","E2021208008","A201905008","KFKT201901"]}]},{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory of Energy-saving Motor &amp; Control Technique, Anhui University","award":["51877070","U20A20198","51577048","E2021208008","A201905008","KFKT201901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51877070","U20A20198","51577048","E2021208008","A201905008","KFKT201901"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A piezoelectric actuator (PEA) has the characteristics of high control precision and no electromagnetic interference. To improve the degree of freedom (DOF) to adapt to more working scenes, a piezoelectric\u2013electromagnetic hybrid-driven two-DOF actuator is proposed. The PEA adopts the composite structure of the lever amplification mechanism and triangular amplification mechanism. The structure effectively amplifies the output displacement of the piezoelectric stack and increases the clamping force between the driving foot and the mover. The electromagnetic actuator (EMA) adopts a multi-stage fractional slot concentrated winding permanent magnet synchronous actuator, which can better match the characteristics of PEA. The structure and working principle of the actuator are introduced, the dynamic analysis is carried out, and the factors affecting the clamping force are obtained. At the same time, the air gap magnetic field is analyzed, and the structural size of the actuator is optimized. The experiment shows that the maximum driving speed can reach 348 mm\/s, the load capacity is 3 kg, the optimal initial rotor angle is 49\u00b0, the maximum torque is 2.9 N\u00b7m and the maximum speed is 9 rad\/s, which proves the stability and feasibility of the actuator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22103739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,15]],"date-time":"2022-05-15T09:48:22Z","timestamp":1652608102000},"page":"3739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Design and Locomotion Study of Two-DOF Actuator Driven by Piezoelectric\u2013Electromagnetic Hybrid Mode"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2383-7607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zheng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China"}]},{"given":"Zhirong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China"}]},{"given":"Shenhui","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China"}]},{"given":"Hexu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pop, F., Herrera, B., Cassella, C., and Rinaldi, M. 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