{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T01:27:04Z","timestamp":1768267624057,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03VP02980"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03VP02980"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["100544970"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100544970"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"EFRE\/SMWA (RL Validierungsf\u00f6rderung","award":["03VP02980"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03VP02980"]}]},{"name":"EFRE\/SMWA (RL Validierungsf\u00f6rderung","award":["100544970"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100544970"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With a growing number of electronic devices surrounding our daily life, it becomes increasingly important to create solutions for clear and simple communication and interaction at the human machine interface (HMI). Haptic feedback solutions play an important role as they give a clear direct link and response to the user. This work demonstrates multifunctional haptic feedback devices based on fully printed piezoelectric transducers realized with functional polymers on thin paper substrate. The devices are flexible; lightweight and show very high out-of-plane deflection of 213 \u00b5m at a moderate driving voltage of 50 Vrms (root mean square) achieved by an innovative multilayer design with up to five individually controllable active layers. The device creates a very clear haptic sensation to the human skin with a blocking force of 0.6 N at the resonance frequency of 320 Hz, which is located in the most sensitive range of the human fingertip. Additionally the transducer generates audible information above two kilohertz with a remarkable high sound pressure level. Thus the paper-based approach can be used for interactive displays in combination with touch sensation; sound and color prints. The work gives insights into the manufacturing process; the electrical characteristics; and an in-depth analysis of the 3D deflection of the device under variable conditions<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22103796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T08:34:29Z","timestamp":1652776469000},"page":"3796","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Printed Multilayer Piezoelectric Transducers on Paper for Haptic Feedback and Dual Touch-Sound Sensation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6852-7560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg C.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Print and Media Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany"}]},{"given":"Jonas M.","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professorship for Adaptronics and Lightweight Design in Production, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7022-2667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Weissbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Print and Media Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3881-9770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Strutwolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Print and Media Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Eland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Print and Media Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany"}]},{"given":"Welf-Guntram","family":"Drossel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professorship for Adaptronics and Lightweight Design in Production, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany"},{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany"}]},{"given":"Arved C.","family":"H\u00fcbler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Print and Media Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007428","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202007428","article-title":"Wearable soft technologies for haptic sensing and feedback","volume":"31","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. 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