{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T22:58:06Z","timestamp":1781564286577,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To assist personalized healthcare of elderly people, our interest is to develop a virtual caregiver system that retrieves the expression of mental and physical health states through human\u2013computer interaction in the form of dialogue. The purpose of this paper is to implement and evaluate a virtual caregiver system using mobile chatbot. Unlike the conventional health monitoring approach, our key idea is to integrate a rule-based virtual caregiver system (called \u201cMind Monitoring\u201d service) with the physical, mental, and social questionnaires into the mobile chat application. The elderly person receives one question from the mobile chatbot per day, and answers it by pushing the optional button or using a speech recognition technique. Furthermore, a novel method is implemented to quantify the answers, generate visual graphs, and send the corresponding summaries or advice to the specific elder. In the experimental evaluation, we applied it to eight elderly subjects and 19 younger subjects within 14 months. As main results, its effects were significantly improved by the proposed method, including the above 80% in the response rate, the accurate reflection of their real lives from the responses, and high usefulness of the feedback messages with software quality requirements and evaluation. We also conducted interviews with subjects for health analysis and improvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22103829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T23:14:26Z","timestamp":1652915666000},"page":"3829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Assisting Personalized Healthcare of Elderly People: Developing a Rule-Based Virtual Caregiver System Using Mobile Chatbot"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Chisaki","family":"Miura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9898-7370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sinan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachio","family":"Saiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Data & Innovation, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanigutu, Tosayamada-cho, Kami-shi, Kochi 782-8502, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahide","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan"},{"name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/14672715.2019.1612765","article-title":"Robots vs migrants? 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