{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T15:16:54Z","timestamp":1781709414866,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper studies an efficient computing resource offloading mechanism for UAV-enabled edge computing. According to the interests of three different roles: base station, UAV, and user, we comprehensively consider the factors such as time delay, operation, and transmission energy consumption in a multi-layer game to improve the overall system performance. Firstly, we construct a Stackelberg multi-layer game model to get the appropriate resource pricing and computing offload allocation strategies through iterations. Base stations and UAVs are the leaders, and users are the followers. Then, we analyze the equilibrium states of the Stackelberg game and prove that the equilibrium state of the game exists and is unique. Finally, the algorithm\u2019s feasibility is verified by simulation, and compared with the benchmark strategy, the Stackelberg game algorithm (SGA) has certain superiority and robustness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22103854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T00:18:11Z","timestamp":1653005891000},"page":"3854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Computation Offloading in UAV-Enabled Edge Computing: A Stackelberg Game Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8978-876X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinwang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Academy of Military Science of the People\u2019s Liberation Army, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhidong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Academy of Military Science of the People\u2019s Liberation Army, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Academy of Military Science of the People\u2019s Liberation Army, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kitae, K., and Hong, C.S. 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