{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T15:07:04Z","timestamp":1778598424766,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at Najran University","award":["NU\/RG\/SERC\/11\/5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU\/RG\/SERC\/11\/5"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Faults frequently occur in the sensors and actuators of process machines to cause shutdown and process interruption, thereby creating costly production loss. centrifugal compressors (CCs) are the most used equipment in process industries such as oil and gas, petrochemicals, and fertilizers. A compressor control system called an anti-surge control (ASC) system based on many critical sensors and actuators is used for the safe operation of CCs. In this paper, an advanced active fault-tolerant control system (AFTCS) has been proposed for sensor and actuator faults of the anti-surge control system of a centrifugal compressor. The AFTCS has been built with a dedicated fault detection and isolation (FDI) unit to detect and isolate the faulty part as well as replace the faulty value with the virtual redundant value from the observer model running in parallel with the other healthy sensors. The analytical redundancy is developed from the mathematical modeling of the sensors to provide estimated values to the controller in case the actual sensor fails. Dual hardware redundancy has been proposed for the anti-surge valve (ASV). The simulation results of the proposed Fault-tolerant control (FTC) for the ASC system in the experimentally validated CC HYSYS model reveal that the system continued to operate in the event of faults in the sensors and actuators maintaining system stability. The proposed FTC for the ASC system is novel in the literature and significant for the process industries to design a highly reliable compressor control system that would continue operation despite faults in the sensors and actuators, hence preventing costly production loss.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22103864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T00:18:11Z","timestamp":1653005891000},"page":"3864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Advanced Fault-Tolerant Anti-Surge Control System of Centrifugal Compressors for Sensor and Actuator Faults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9579-9115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Turki","family":"Alsuwian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8035-595X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arslan Ahmed","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, FAST National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Chiniot 35400, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6181-3484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Taimoor","family":"Maqsood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, FAST National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Chiniot 35400, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4571-5328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Bilal","family":"Qadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4653-190X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saleh","family":"Almasabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6828-3874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Jalalah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2019.04.083","article-title":"A review of Fault Tolerant Control Systems: Advancements and applications","volume":"143","author":"Amin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"339","article-title":"Active fault-tolerant control for a class of nonlinear systems with sensor faults","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Control. Autom. Syst."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.5937\/jaes0-27611","article-title":"Design of highly redundant fault tolerant control for aircraft elevator system","volume":"19","author":"Tayyeb","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Eng. 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