{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T03:33:37Z","timestamp":1780630417856,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]],"date-time":"2022-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR)","award":["No. 232\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 232\/2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An extended-reality (XR) platform for real-time monitoring of patients\u2019 health during surgical procedures is proposed. The proposed system provides real-time access to a comprehensive set of patients\u2019 information, which are made promptly available to the surgical team in the operating room (OR). In particular, the XR platform supports the medical staff by automatically acquiring the patient\u2019s vitals from the operating room instrumentation and displaying them in real-time directly on an XR headset. Furthermore, information regarding the patient clinical record is also shown upon request. Finally, the XR-based monitoring platform also allows displaying in XR the video stream coming directly from the endoscope. The innovative aspect of the proposed XR-based monitoring platform lies in the comprehensiveness of the available information, in its modularity and flexibility (in terms of adaption to different sources of data), ease of use, and most importantly, in a reliable communication, which are critical requirements for the healthcare field. To validate the proposed system, experimental tests were conducted using instrumentation typically available in the operating room (i.e., a respiratory ventilator, a patient monitor for intensive care, and an endoscope). The overall results showed (i) an accuracy of the data communication greater than 99 %, along with (ii) an average time response below ms, and (iii) satisfying feedback from the SUS questionnaires filled out by the physicians after intensive use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22103908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]],"date-time":"2022-05-21T09:18:08Z","timestamp":1653124688000},"page":"3908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Performance and Usability Evaluation of an Extended Reality Platform to Monitor Patient\u2019s Health during Surgical Procedures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5192-5922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Arpaia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Research Center in Health Management and Innovation in Healthcare (CIRMIS), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Augmented Reality for Health Monitoring Laboratory (ARHeMLAB), Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2792-2131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Egidio","family":"De Benedetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Research Center in Health Management and Innovation in Healthcare (CIRMIS), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Augmented Reality for Health Monitoring Laboratory (ARHeMLAB), Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1274-9070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucio","family":"De Paolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1415-0731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"D\u2019Errico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic University of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1554-2182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Donato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1356-5559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Duraccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic University of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2020.2973467","article-title":"Secure health data sharing for medical cyber-physical systems for the Healthcare 4.0","volume":"24","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE J. 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