{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T10:39:49Z","timestamp":1777631989723,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]],"date-time":"2022-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Far infrared radiation (FIR) is emitted by every body at a given temperature, including the human body. FIR ranging between 4\u201314 \u03bcm is considered useful for cell growth, and the human body emits a maximum of infrared (IR) radiation at the wavelength of approximately 9.3 \u00b5m. In the present study, fabrics based on five different raw textiles having the same yarn count as well as the same weaving patterns were designed and created. Some of them were subjected to a coating process. The fabrics to be tested were as follows: coated with TiO2 nanoparticles, coated with SiO2 nanoparticles, coated fabric that does not contain bioceramic nanoparticle (BNFC), and non-coated fabrics (NCF). The structural characterization of the resulting samples was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), abrasion tests, and air permeability. Following the structural characterization, the infrared emissivity properties were investigated using infrared thermography as well as attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in the 8\u201314 IR range. According to the experimental findings, the fabrics coated with TiO2 and SiO2 displayed increased infrared emissivity values compared to the uncoated ones. In addition, it was observed that the use of bioceramic powders had no effect on air permeability and abrasion properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22103918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]],"date-time":"2022-05-22T07:13:57Z","timestamp":1653203637000},"page":"3918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Titanium and Silicon Dioxide-Coated Fabrics for Management and Tuning of Infrared Radiation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6657-7169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismail","family":"Yuce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Textile, Clothing, Shoe and Leather Department, Technical Science Vocational School, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Suat","family":"Canoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Sevhan Muge","family":"Yukseloglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1849-2950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Li Voti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze di Base ed Applicate per l\u2019Ingegneria, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Via Antonio Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Gianmario","family":"Cesarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze di Base ed Applicate per l\u2019Ingegneria, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Via Antonio Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Concita","family":"Sibilia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze di Base ed Applicate per l\u2019Ingegneria, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Via Antonio Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Larciprete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze di Base ed Applicate per l\u2019Ingegneria, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Via Antonio Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1515\/plm-2012-0034","article-title":"Far infrared radiation (FIR): Its biological effects and medical applications","volume":"1","author":"Vatansever","year":"2012","journal-title":"Photonics Lasers Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, N., and Sun, G. (2011). Infrared functional textiles. Functional Textiles for Improved Performance, Protection and Health, Woodhead Publishing Ltd.","DOI":"10.1533\/9780857092878"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Shih, Y.H., Lin, J.H., Hsieh, C.T., Lin, C.W., and Lou, C.W. (2015, January 3\u20136). Far-Infrared Nonwoven Fabrics Made of Various Ratios of Bamboo Fiber to Far-Infrared Fiber: Far-Infrared Emissivity and Mechanical Property Evaluations. Proceedings of the 13th Asian Textile Conference, Geelong, Australia."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.4015\/S1016237211002414","article-title":"Effects of far infrared rays on hydrogen peroxide-scavenging capacity","volume":"23","author":"Leung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng. Appl. Basis Commun."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2006.9.42","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of far-infrared radiated rice hull extracts on reactive oxygen species scavenging and oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes","volume":"9","author":"Jeon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faisal, A.M., Sala\u00fcn, F., Giraud, S., Ferri, A., Chen, Y., and Wang, L. (2021). Far-infrared emission properties and thermogravimetric analysis of ceramic-embedded polyurethane films. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13050686"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"145","article-title":"Far Infrared Ray Emitting Fabric and Yarns","volume":"18","author":"Yuce","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trak. Univ. J. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2018.04.024","article-title":"Infrared radiation characterization of several stainless steel textiles in the 3.5\u20135.1 \u03bcm infrared range","volume":"132","author":"Larciprete","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Therm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2016.12.001","article-title":"Temperature dependent emissivity of different stainless steel textiles in the infrared range","volume":"113","author":"Larciprete","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Therm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2019.106109","article-title":"Infrared emissivity characterization of carbon nanotubes dispersed poly (ethylene terephthalate) fibers","volume":"146","author":"Larciprete","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Therm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1007\/s10765-014-1804-0","article-title":"Thermal Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes by Photothermal Techniques","volume":"36","author":"Leahu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Thermophys."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1557\/adv.2020.106","article-title":"Thermo-regulating properties of textiles with incorporated microencapsulated Phase Change Materials","volume":"5","author":"Larciprete","year":"2020","journal-title":"MRS Adv."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10556","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.24.010556","article-title":"Engineered emissivity of textile fabrics by the inclusion of ceramic particles","volume":"24","author":"Pooley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tao, Y., Li, T., Yang, C., Wang, N., Yan, F., and Li, L. (2018). The Influence of Fiber Cross-Section on Fabric Far-Infrared Properties. Polymers, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10101147"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1515\/aut-2016-0017","article-title":"Far-infrared emission characteristics and wear comfort property of ZrC-imbedded heat storage knitted fabrics for emotional garments","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autex Res. J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/KEM.321-323.849","article-title":"Far IR emission and thermal properties of ceramics coated fabrics by IR thermography","volume":"321","author":"Park","year":"2006","journal-title":"Key Eng. Mater."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiong, Y., Huang, S., Wang, W., Liu, X., and Li, H. (2017). Properties and applications of high emissivity composite films based on far-infrared ceramic powder. Materials, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma10121370"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2015.08.099","article-title":"Multifunctional cotton fabrics with graphene\/polyurethane coatings with far-infrared emission, electrical conductivity, and ultraviolet blocking properties","volume":"95","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1177\/0040517513503732","article-title":"Development of heat-generating polyester fiber harnessing catalytic ceramic powder combined with heat-generating super microorganisms","volume":"84","author":"Bahng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Text. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2010.00537.x","article-title":"Reduction in body measurements after use of a garment made with synthetic fibers embedded with ceramic nanoparticles","volume":"10","author":"Conrado","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11016","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b23099","article-title":"Highly flexible, efficient, and sandwich-structured infrared radiation heating fabric","volume":"12","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2015.07.008","article-title":"Bioceramic fabrics improve quiet standing posture and handstand stability in expert gymnasts","volume":"42","author":"Cian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sankauskait\u0117, A., Rube\u017eien\u0117, V., Kubilien\u0117, D., Abraitien\u0117, A., Baltu\u0161nikait\u0117-Guzaitien\u0117, J., and Dubinskait\u0117, K. (2020). Investigation of Thermal Behavior of 3D PET Knits with Different Bioceramic Additives. Polymers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12061319"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1007\/s12221-014-1153-4","article-title":"Development of nanofibrous membranes with far-infrared radiation and their antimicrobial properties","volume":"15","author":"Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fibers Polym."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1080\/00405007908658807","article-title":"The effect of humidity on the abrasion-resistance of wool fabric","volume":"70","author":"Nhan","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Text. Inst."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"40","article-title":"Permeability properties and abrasion resistance of coated polypropylene fabrics","volume":"2","author":"Kara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fibres Text."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1002\/app.36353","article-title":"Applying the sol\u2013gel method to the deposition of nanocoats on textiles to improve their abrasion resistance","volume":"125","author":"Kowalczyk","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/KEM.671.225","article-title":"Robust Superhydrophobic and Photocatalytic Cotton Fabrics Based on TiO2-SiO2-PDMS Composite Coating","volume":"671","author":"Ding","year":"2015","journal-title":"Key Eng. Mater."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"G\u00fcrkan, P.\u00dc., and Atav, R. (2019, January 01). Y\u00fcnl\u00fc Dokuma Kuma\u015flara Katma De\u011fer Kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Amac\u0131yla Atk\u0131da Ipek veya Alpaka Iplik Kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131. Available online: http:\/\/acikerisim.nku.edu.tr\/xmlui\/handle\/20.500.11776\/2938."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1002\/pi.3023","article-title":"Application of chitosan emulsion as a coating on Kraft paper","volume":"60","author":"Reis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Polym. Int."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"342","article-title":"Photoacoustic Characterization of Randomly Oriented Silver Nanowire Films","volume":"36","author":"Voti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Thermophys."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"(1999). Standard Test Methods for Measuring and Compensating for Emissivity Using Infrared Imaging Radiometers (Standard No. ASTM E1933-99a)."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR09024J","article-title":"Correlation between in situ structural and optical characterization of the semiconductor-to-metal phase transition of VO2 thin films on sapphire","volume":"12","author":"Cesca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205411","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.92.205411","article-title":"Midinfrared thermal emission properties of finite arrays of gold dipole nanoantennas","volume":"92","author":"Centini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1080\/00405000701692486","article-title":"Surface emissivity of fabric in the 8\u201314 \u03bcm waveband","volume":"100","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Text. Inst."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/col.22446","article-title":"Diffuse reflectance behavior of the printed cotton\/nylon blend fabrics treated with zirconium and cerium dioxide and citric acid in near-and short-wave IR radiation spectral ranges","volume":"45","author":"Siadat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Color Res. Appl."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larciprete, M., Orazi, N., Gloy, Y.S., Paoloni, S., Sibilia, C., and Voti, R.L. (2022). In-plane thermal diffusivity measurements of polyethersulfone woven textiles by Infrared Thermography. Sensors, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/s22030940"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAB.34.001459","article-title":"Selective and tunable thermal emission in metamaterials composed of oriented polar inclusions","volume":"34","author":"Larciprete","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. B Opt. Phys."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olak-Kucharczyk, M., Szczepa\u0144ska, G., Kudzin, M.H., and Pisarek, M. (2020). The photocatalytical properties of RGO\/TiO2 coated fabrics. Coatings, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings10111041"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2012.12.019","article-title":"Photocatalytic decolorization of Rhodamine B dye using novel mesoporous SnO2\u2013TiO2 nano mixed oxides prepared by sol\u2013gel method","volume":"260","author":"Ahmed","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.1021\/la0015213","article-title":"XPS and FTIR surface characterization of TiO2 particles used in polymer encapsulation","volume":"17","author":"Erdem","year":"2001","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105011","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-665X\/aa7c40","article-title":"Design and fabrication of an E-shaped wearable textile antenna on PVB-coated hydrophobic polyester fabric","volume":"26","author":"Roshni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Struct."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2014.10.032","article-title":"Photocatalytic production of hydrogen from methanol and saccharides using carbon nanotube-TiO2 catalysts","volume":"178","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4017","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2013.7175","article-title":"Enhanced Functional Properties of ZrO2\/SiO2 Hybrid Nanosol Coated Cotton Fabrics","volume":"13","author":"Dhineshbabu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1177\/1528083714538684","article-title":"Enhanced functional properties of cotton fabrics using TiO2\/SiO2 nanocomposites","volume":"45","author":"Dhineshbabu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ind. Text."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5372","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.9b01898","article-title":"Signatures of Small Morphological Anisotropies in the Plasmonic and Vibrational Responses of Individual Nano-objects","volume":"10","author":"Medeghini","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"041114","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2432238","article-title":"Tomographic reconstruction of picosecond acoustic strain propagation","volume":"90","author":"Tomoda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2009.08.008","article-title":"Picosecond time scale imaging of mechanical contacts","volume":"50","author":"Dehoux","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/10\/3918\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:16:22Z","timestamp":1760138182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/10\/3918"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["s22103918"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22103918","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]]}}}