{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:25:25Z","timestamp":1760228725473,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41174158","61902211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41174158","61902211"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Compared with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, orthogonal time frequency space systems based on bi-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OTFS-BFDM) have lower out-of-band emission (OOBE) and better robustness to high-mobility scenarios, but suffer from a higher peak-to-average ratio (PAPR) in large data packets. In this paper, one-iteration clipping and filtering (OCF) is adopted to reduce the PAPR of OTFS-BFDM signals. However, the extra noise introduced by the clipping process, i.e., clipping noise, will distort the desired signal and increase the bit error rate (BER). We propose a message passing (MP)-assisted iterative cancellation (MP-AIC) method to cancel the clipping noise based on the traditional MP decoding at the receiver, which incorporates with the (OCF) at the transmitter to keep the sparsity of the effective channel matrix. The main idea of MP-AIC is to extract the residual signal fed to the MP detector by iteratively constructing reference clipping noise at the receiver. During each iteration, the variance of residual signal and channel noise are taken as input parameters of MP decoding to improve the BER. Moreover, the convergence probability of the modulation alphabet after MP decoding in the current iteration is used as the initial probability of MP decoding in the next iteration to accelerate the convergence rate of MP decoding. Simulation results show that the proposed MP-AIC method significantly improves MP-decoding accuracy while accelerating the BER convergence in the clipped OTFS-BFDM system. In the clipped OTFS-BFDM system with rectangular pulse shaping, the BER of MP-AIC with two iterations can be reduced by 72% more than that without clipping noise cancellation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22103937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T03:16:55Z","timestamp":1653362215000},"page":"3937","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Message Passing-Assisted Iterative Noise Cancellation Method for Clipped OTFS-BFDM Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4985-7991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingyao","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3675-8476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongxia","family":"Bie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinfang","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2909205","article-title":"On the Diversity of Uncoded OTFS Modulation in Doubly-Dispersive Channels","volume":"18","author":"Surabhi","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, S.S., Tiwari, S., Rangamgari, V., and Mondal, S.C. (2020, January 14\u201317). Performance of iterative successive interference cancellation receiver for LDPC coded OTFS. Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Networks and Telecommunications Systems (ANTS), New Delhi, India.","key":"ref_2","DOI":"10.1109\/ANTS50601.2020.9342760"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2021.3057679","article-title":"The Road Towards 6G: A Comprehensive Survey","volume":"2","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17263","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2895958","article-title":"Modulation Options for OFDM-Based Waveforms: Classification, Comparison, and Future Directions","volume":"7","author":"Jaradat","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hadani, R., Rakib, S., Tsatsanis, M., Monk, A., Goldsmith, A.J., Molisch, A.F., and Calderbank, R. (2017, January 19\u201322). Orthogonal time frequency space modulation. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), San Francisco, CA, USA.","key":"ref_5","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2017.7925924"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hadani, R., Rakib, S., Molisch, A.F., Ibars, C., Monk, A., Tsatsanis, M., Delfeld, J., Goldsmith, A., and Calderbank, R. (2017, January 4\u20139). Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation for millimeter-wave communications systems. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS), Honolulu, HI, USA.","key":"ref_6","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSYM.2017.8058662"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6501","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2018.2860011","article-title":"Interference Cancellation and Iterative Detection for Orthogonal Time Frequency Space Modulation","volume":"17","author":"Raviteja","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"unstructured":"Hadani, R., and Monk, A. (2022, May 08). OTFS: A New Generation of Modulation Addressing the Challenges of 5G. Available online: https:\/\/arxiv.org\/ftp\/arxiv\/papers\/1802\/1802.02623.pdf.","key":"ref_8"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2878891","article-title":"Practical Pulse-Shaping Waveforms for Reduced-Cyclic-Prefix OTFS","volume":"68","author":"Raviteja","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nimr, A., Chafii, M., Matthe, M., and Fettweis, G. (2018, January 9\u201313). Extended GFDM framework: OTFS and GFDM comparison. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.","key":"ref_10","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2018.8647704"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2014.2345566","article-title":"Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing for 5th Generation Cellular Networks","volume":"62","author":"Michailow","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2016.0993","article-title":"Biorthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IET Commun."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adouni, H., Hizem, M., and Bouallegue, R. (2014, January 8\u201310). BFDM Prototype for Cognitive Radio Systems. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM 2014), Larnaca, Cyprus.","key":"ref_13","DOI":"10.1049\/ic.2014.0101"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2019.2503","article-title":"Circularly Pulse-shaped Orthogonal Time Frequency Space Modulation","volume":"56","author":"Tiwari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2019.2914042","article-title":"Peak-to-Average Power Ratio of OTFS Modulation","volume":"23","author":"Surabhi","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2003.814720","article-title":"Iterative Estimation and Cancellation of Clipping Noise for OFDM Signals","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, B., Qin, K.Y., Chen, C.W., and Cao, Y. (2020). A Novel Clipping-Based Method to Reduce Peak-to-Average Power Ratio of OFDM Signals. Information, 11.","key":"ref_17","DOI":"10.3390\/info11020113"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20020175","article-title":"Peak-to-average power reduction for OFDM by repeated clipping and frequency domain filtering","volume":"38","author":"Armstrong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y.H., and Deng, W.F. (2018, January 18\u201320). A Novel Piecewise nonlinear companding transform for PAPR reduction in GFDM. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP), Hangzhou, China.","key":"ref_19","DOI":"10.1109\/WCSP.2018.8555932"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2014.2339531","article-title":"A Piecewise Linear Companding Transform for PAPR Reduction of OFDM Signals With Companding Distortion Mitigation","volume":"60","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Broadcast."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2020.3039696","article-title":"A SLM Scheme for PAPR Reduction in Polar Coded OFDM-IM Systems Without Using Side Information","volume":"67","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Broadcast."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pundir, V., and Ahmad, A. (2020, January 19\u201321). Analysing the effect of modulation schemes and subcarriers on PAPR influence of hybrid combination of selective mapping, partial transmit sequence and clipping. Proceedings of the 2020 Research, Innovation, Knowledge Management and Technology Application for Business Sustainability (INBUSH), Greater Noida, India.","key":"ref_22","DOI":"10.1109\/INBUSH46973.2020.9392121"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raviteja, P., Phan, K.T., Jin, Q., Hong, Y., and Viterbo, E. (2018, January 15\u201318). Low-complexity iterative detection for orthogonal time frequency space modulation. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), Barcelona, Spain.","key":"ref_23","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2018.8377159"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162803","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2952071","article-title":"Resource Allocation-Based PAPR Analysis in Uplink SCMA-OFDM Systems","volume":"7","author":"Rajasekaran","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2020.2993036","article-title":"Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction in Pilot-Embedded OTFS Modulation Through Iterative Clipping and Filtering","volume":"24","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2018.2864265","article-title":"Clipping Noise-Aided Message Passing Algorithm for SCMA-OFDM System","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2021.3063904","article-title":"A Low-Complexity Message Passing Detector for OTFS Modulation With Probability Clipping","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2005.847886","article-title":"A simplified clipping and filtering technique for PAR reduction in OFDM systems","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1109\/26.837046","article-title":"Theoretical Analysis and Performance of OFDM Signals in Nonlinear AWGN Channels","volume":"48","author":"Banelli","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"unstructured":"Ramachandran, M.K., and Chockalingam, A. (2018, January 9\u201313). MIMO-OTFS in high-doppler fading channels: Signal detection and channel estimation. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.","key":"ref_30"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/10\/3937\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:16:47Z","timestamp":1760138207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/10\/3937"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["s22103937"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22103937","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]}}}