{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T04:38:15Z","timestamp":1780634295359,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Horizon H2020 program","award":["882828"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["882828"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Under the Internet of Things paradigm, the emergence and use of a wide variety of connected devices and personalized telematics services have proliferated recently. As a result, along with the penetration of these devices in our daily lives, the users\u2019 security and privacy have been compromised due to some weaknesses in connected devices and underlying applications. This article focuses on analyzing the security and privacy of such devices to promote safe Internet use, especially by young people. First, the connected devices most used by the target group are classified, and an exhaustive analysis of the vulnerabilities that concern the user is performed. As a result, a set of differentiated security and privacy issues existing in the devices is identified. The study reveals that many of these vulnerabilities are related to the fact that device manufacturers often prioritize functionalities and services, leaving security aspects in the background. These companies even exploit the data linked to the use of these devices for various purposes, ignoring users\u2019 privacy rights. This research aims to raise awareness of severe vulnerabilities in devices and to encourage users to use them correctly. Our results help other researchers address these issues with a more global perspective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22113967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T00:14:14Z","timestamp":1653437654000},"page":"3967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Security and Privacy Analysis of Youth-Oriented Connected Devices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3516-4489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Solera-Cotanilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ETSI de Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4506-6284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Vega-Barbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETSI de Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6044-0022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research in Technology, ICAI, Comillas Pontifical University, C. Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9954-3504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregorio","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research in Technology, ICAI, Comillas Pontifical University, C. Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0391-1331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Matanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research in Technology, ICAI, Comillas Pontifical University, C. Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2747-9798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Campana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETSI de Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"That internet of things","volume":"22","author":"Ashton","year":"2000","journal-title":"RFID J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vega-Barbas, M., Pau, I., and Seoane, F. (2018). From general services to pervasive and sensitive services; In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, IGI Global. [4th ed.].","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch674"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36611","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2853148","article-title":"A survey on the roles of communication technologies in IoT-based personalized healthcare applications","volume":"6","author":"Alam","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Industry 4.0: A survey on technologies, applications and open research issues","volume":"6","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ind. Inf. Integr."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9533","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2697839","article-title":"Data fusion and IoT for smart ubiquitous environments: A survey","volume":"5","author":"Alam","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah, S.H., and Yaqoob, I. (2016, January 21\u201324). A survey: Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, applications and challenges. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE), Oshawa, ON, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/SEGE.2016.7589556"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1080\/22041451.2016.1266124","article-title":"The internet of toys","volume":"2","author":"Holloway","year":"2016","journal-title":"Commun. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/CC.2014.6969789","article-title":"An overview of internet of vehicles","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"China Commun."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13129","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2789329","article-title":"Enabling technologies for the internet of health things","volume":"6","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2019.2929446","article-title":"On the relationship between inference and data privacy in decentralized IoT networks","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2694844","article-title":"A survey on security and privacy issues in Internet-of-Things","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"(2018). GSMA IoT Security Assessment Checklist, GSMA Association. Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Schneier, B. (2021, July 11). Regulating the Internet of Things. Available online: https:\/\/www.rsaconference.com\/Library\/presentation\/USA\/2017\/regulating-the-internet-of-things."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"(2018). IoT Security Compliance Framework, IoT Security Foundation. Release 2."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atlam, H.F., Alenezi, A., Alassafi, M.O., Alshdadi, A.A., and Wills, G.B. (2020). Security, cybercrime and digital forensics for IoT. Principles of Internet of Things (IoT) Ecosystem: Insight Paradigm, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-33596-0_22"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nokia (2021, July 14). Threat Intelligence Report 2020. Available online: https:\/\/www.nokia.com\/networks\/portfolio\/cyber-security\/threat-intelligence-report-2020\/.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-3723(20)30115-9"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(2020). Cyber Security for Consumer Internet of Things: Baseline Requirements, ETSI Press."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Kelly, R.L. (2020). Internet of Things Cybersecurity Improvement Act of 2020, GPO."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Defining generations: Where Millennials end and Generation Z begins","volume":"17","author":"Dimock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pew Res. Cent."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8535.2007.00793.x","article-title":"The digital natives debate: A critical review of the evidence","volume":"39","author":"Bennett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Educ. Technol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444816685930","article-title":"European research on children\u2019s internet use: Assessing the past and anticipating the future","volume":"20","author":"Livingstone","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Media Soc."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Eurostat (2020). Digital Economy and Society Statistics Households and Individuals, European Union (EU). Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Keeley, B., and Little, C. (2017). The State of the Worlds Children 2017: Children in a Digital World, ERIC."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Eurostat (2020). Being Young in Europe Today Digital World, European Union (EU). Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Smahel, D., Machackova, H., Mascheroni, G., Dedkova, L., Staksrud, E., \u00d3lafsson, K., Livingstone, S., and Hasebrink, U. (2020). EU Kids Online 2020: Survey Results from 19 Countries, EU Kids Online."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444817724168","article-title":"Online opportunities and risks for children and adolescents: The role of digital skills, age, gender and parental mediation in Brazil","volume":"20","author":"Cabello","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Media Soc."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Reardon, J., Feal, A., Wijesekera, P., On, A.E.B., Vallina-Rodriguez, N., and Egelman, S. (2019, January 28). 50 ways to leak your data: An exploration of apps\u2019 circumvention of the android permissions system. Proceedings of the 28th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 19), Santa Clara, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.2478\/popets-2020-0029","article-title":"Angel or devil? A privacy study of mobile parental control apps","volume":"2020","author":"Feal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Priv. Enhancing Technol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1515\/popets-2018-0021","article-title":"\u201cWon\u2019t somebody think of the children?\u201d examining COPPA compliance at scale","volume":"2018","author":"Reyes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Priv. Enhancing Technol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, S., and Kim, S. (2017). How to obtain common criteria certification of smart TV for home IoT security and reliability. Symmetry, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym9100233"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Lee, S.J., and Kim, S. (2021, June 29). Hacking, Surveilling and Deceiving Victims on Smart TV. Available online: https:\/\/www.blackhat.com\/us-13\/archives.html."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Carabrera, P. (2019, January 15). SDR Against Smart TVs URL and Channel Injection Attacks. Proceedings of the DEF CON Conference, Las Vegas, NV, USA."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, L., Shashidhar, N., Rawat, D., Yang, M., and Kadlec, C. (2016, January 15\u201318). Investigating the security and digital forensics of video games and gaming systems: A study of PC games and PS4 console. Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), Kauai, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCNC.2016.7440557"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"NCA-UK (2017). Pathways into Cyber Crime, National Crime Agency. Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"s2grupo (2021, September 08). More Than 57% of Video Game Console Users Are Unaware That These Can be Hacked. Available online: https:\/\/s2grupo.es\/en\/news\/more-than-57-of-video-game-console-users-are-unaware-that-these-can-be-hacked.html."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"WeLiveSecurity (2021, September 15). 5 Ways Attackers Are Targeting Gamers. Available online: https:\/\/www.welivesecurity.com\/2015\/07\/15\/5-ways-attackers-are-targeting-gamers\/."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez, A.D.U. (2018). Diseno de una Metodolog\u00eda Para el An\u00e1lisis Forense de Consolas de Videojuegos Play Station 4 Slim, Universidad Internacional SEK."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1365\/s43439-020-00006-3","article-title":"Regulation of Internet-of-Things cybersecurity in Europe and Germany as exemplified by devices for children","volume":"1","author":"Hessel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Cybersecur. Law Rev."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2877749","article-title":"Playing with danger: A taxonomy and evaluation of threats to smart toys","volume":"6","author":"Shasha","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valente, J., and Cardenas, A.A. (2017, January 3). Security & privacy in smart toys. Proceedings of the 2017 Workshop on Internet of Things Security and Privacy, Dallas, TX, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3139937.3139947"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Streiff, J., Das, S., and Cannon, J. (2019, January 12\u201314). Overpowered and Underprotected Toys Empowering Parents with Tools to Protect Their Children. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE 5th International Conference on Collaboration and Internet Computing (CIC), Los Angeles, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/CIC48465.2019.00045"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2866423","article-title":"Security and privacy analyses of Internet of Things children\u2019s toys","volume":"6","author":"Chu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2020.101477","article-title":"ChildShield: A rating system for assessing privacy and security of internet of toys","volume":"56","author":"Allana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Telemat. Inform."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2731979","article-title":"A survey of wearable devices and challenges","volume":"19","author":"Seneviratne","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Koch, L. (2018). How Many Teens Use Wearables?, Insider Intelligence."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2019.07.012","article-title":"(Smart) Watch Out! encouraging privacy-protective behavior through interactive games","volume":"132","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, Y., Yang, W., and Kwon, T. (November, January 30). POSTER: Watch out your smart watch when paired. Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, Dallas, TX, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3138831"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langone, M., Setola, R., and Lopez, J. (2017, January 4\u20138). Cybersecurity of wearable devices: An experimental analysis and a vulnerability assessment method. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 41st annual computer software and applications conference (COMPSAC), Turin, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC.2017.96"},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Wu, J., Nan, Y., Kumar, V., Tian, D.J., Bianchi, A., Payer, M., and Xu, D. (2020, January 11). BLESA: Spoofing Attacks against Reconnections in Bluetooth Low Energy. Proceedings of the 14th USENIX Workshop on Offensive Technologies (WOOT 20), Virtual."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saatjohann, C., Ising, F., Krings, L., and Schinzel, S. (2020, January 25\u201328). STALK: Security analysis of smartwatches for kids. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, Virtual.","DOI":"10.1145\/3407023.3407037"},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Council, N.C. (2017). WatchOut: Analysis of Smartwatches for Children, Forbrukerradet. Norwegian Consumer Council Report."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7294","DOI":"10.3390\/s150407294","article-title":"Adaptive software architecture based on confident HCI for the deployment of sensitive services in smart homes","volume":"15","author":"Pau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"1126","article-title":"Interaction patterns for smart spaces: A confident interaction design solution for pervasive sensitive IoT services","volume":"6","author":"Pau","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Denko, M.W. (2017). A Privacy Vulnerability in Smart Home IoT Devices. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Michigan-Dearborn]."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2020.101377","article-title":"Home IoT resistance: Extended privacy and vulnerability perspective","volume":"49","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Telemat. Inform."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2707465","article-title":"Security vulnerabilities of internet of things: A case study of the smart plug system","volume":"4","author":"Ling","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10102","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2983983","article-title":"Vulnerability Studies and Security Postures of IoT Devices: A Smart Home Case Study","volume":"7","author":"Davis","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Siles, R. (2018). IoT: Internet of T..., RootedCON."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2018.07.016","article-title":"EclipseIoT: A secure and adaptive hub for the Internet of Things","volume":"78","author":"Anthi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Bitdefender (2020). Cracking the Sonoff\/eWeLink Platforms: Hijacking Lights and Outlets Around the World, Bitdefender. Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3412383","article-title":"Smart home personal assistants: A security and privacy review","volume":"53","author":"Edu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lei, X., Tu, G.H., Liu, A.X., Li, C.Y., and Xie, T. (June, January 30). The insecurity of home digital voice assistants-vulnerabilities, attacks and countermeasures. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS), Beijing, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/CNS.2018.8433167"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, N., Mi, X., Feng, X., Wang, X., Tian, Y., and Qian, F. (2019, January 19\u201323). Dangerous skills: Understanding and mitigating security risks of voice-controlled third-party functions on virtual personal assistant systems. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), San Francisco, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2019.00016"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, G., Yan, C., Ji, X., Zhang, T., Zhang, T., and Xu, W. (November, January 30). Dolphinattack: Inaudible voice commands. Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, Dallas, TX, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3134052"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1080\/17483107.2017.1369589","article-title":"Google Home: Smart speaker as environmental control unit","volume":"13","author":"Noda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil. Assist. Technol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3264901","article-title":"Understanding the long-term use of smart speaker assistants","volume":"2","author":"Bentley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"Haack, W., Severance, M., Wallace, M., and Wohlwend, J. (2017). Security Analysis of the Amazon Echo, Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2017.3571053","article-title":"Alexa, can I trust you?","volume":"50","author":"Chung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"Antonioli, D., Tippenhauer, N.O., and Rasmussen, K.B. (2019, January 14\u201316). The KNOB is Broken: Exploiting Low Entropy in the Encryption Key Negotiation Of Bluetooth BR\/EDR. Proceedings of the 28th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 19), Santa Clara, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson, R.B., and Camp, T. (August, January 30). Amazon echo security: Machine learning to classify encrypted traffic. Proceedings of the 2018 27th International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (ICCCN), Hangzhou, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCN.2018.8487332"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Furuta, R., Ochiai, H., and Esaki, H. (2017, January 14\u201317). Mitigating Privacy Leak by Injecting Unique Noise into the Traffic of Smart Speakers. Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP), Bologna, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/SMARTCOMP50058.2020.00093"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C., Kennedy, S., Li, H., Hudson, K., Atluri, G., Wei, X., Sun, W., and Wang, B. (2020, January 8\u201310). Fingerprinting encrypted voice traffic on smart speakers with deep learning. Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks, Linz, Austria.","DOI":"10.1145\/3395351.3399357"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, X., Chen, Y., Wang, A., Chen, K., Zhang, S., Huang, H., and Molloy, I.M. (2018, January 9\u201313). All your alexa are belong to us: A remote voice control attack against echo. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2018.8647762"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, Y., Obada-Obieh, B., and Beznosov, K. (2020, January 25\u201330). Amazon vs. my brother: How users of shared smart speakers perceive and cope with privacy risks. Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Honolulu, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376529"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3274371","article-title":"Alexa, are you listening? privacy perceptions, concerns and privacy-seeking behaviors with smart speakers","volume":"2","author":"Lau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayatilleke, A., Thelijjagoda, S., and Pathirana, P. (2019, January 8\u201310). Security Awareness among Smart Speaker Users. Proceedings of the 2019 National Information Technology Conference (NITC), Colombo, Sri Lanka.","DOI":"10.1109\/NITC48475.2019.9114497"},{"key":"ref_77","unstructured":"Cabrera, P. (2018, January 16\u201320). Parrot Drones Hijacking. Proceedings of the RSA Conference 2018, San Francisco, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seralathan, Y., Oh, T.T., Jadhav, S., Myers, J., Jeong, J.P., Kim, Y.H., and Kim, J.N. (2018, January 11\u201314). IoT security vulnerability: A case study of a Web camera. Proceedings of the 2018 20th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), Chuncheon, Korea.","DOI":"10.23919\/ICACT.2018.8323685"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1109\/MSEC.2019.2924167","article-title":"Stealing, spying, and abusing: Consequences of attacks on internet of things devices","volume":"17","author":"Valente","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Secur. Priv."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1109\/MITP.2017.3680959","article-title":"Security risk assessment in Internet of Things systems","volume":"19","author":"Nurse","year":"2017","journal-title":"IT Prof."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.26599\/TST.2021.9010046","article-title":"Task offloading strategy with emergency handling and blockchain security in SDN-empowered and fog-assisted healthcare IoT","volume":"27","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tsinghua Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.26599\/BDMA.2020.9020010","article-title":"New enhanced authentication protocol for Internet of Things","volume":"4","author":"Azrour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Big Data Min. Anal."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.26599\/TST.2021.9010029","article-title":"Dataflow Management in the Internet of Things: Sensing, Control, and Security","volume":"26","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tsinghua Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/11\/3967\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:17:27Z","timestamp":1760138247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/11\/3967"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s22113967"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22113967","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]]}}}