{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T16:12:44Z","timestamp":1772554364198,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFB3202403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB3202403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFB0704304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB0704304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>At present, there is a problem that the measurement accuracy and measurement range cannot be balanced in the measurement of shaft diameter by the machine vision method. In this paper, we propose a large-scale shaft diameter precision measurement method based on a dual camera measurement system. The unified world coordinate system of the two cameras is established by analyzing the dual camera imaging model and obtaining the measurement formula. In order to verify the validity of the proposed method, two black blocks in the calibration plate with a known center distance of 100 mm were measured. The mean value was 100.001 mm and the standard deviation was 0.00039 in 10 measurements. Finally, the proposed system was applied to the diameter measurement of a complexed crankshaft. The mean \u03bc95 values of CMM and the proposed method were \u00b11.02 \u03bcm and \u00b11.07 \u03bcm, respectively, indicating that the measurement accuracy of the proposed method is roughly equal to the CMM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22113982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T00:14:14Z","timestamp":1653437654000},"page":"3982","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Precision Measurement Method of Large Shaft Diameter Based on Dual Camera System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Xianyou","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Engineering Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Baotou Vocational and Technical College, Baotou 014030, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1809-7413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9458-6089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"012097","article-title":"Shaft diameter measurement using digital image composition at two different object distances","volume":"504","author":"Hao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1243\/09544054JEM739","article-title":"Rapid vision-based dimensional precision inspection of mesoscale artefacts","volume":"221","author":"Mekid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part B J. Eng. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1177\/1350650119870353","article-title":"Measurement of the crankshaft seals friction losses in a modern passenger car diesel engine","volume":"234","author":"Knauder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J J. Eng. Tribology."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsitsilonis, K.M., and Theotokatos, G. (2021). Engine malfunctioning conditions identification through instantaneous crankshaft torque measurement analysis. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11083522"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu, T., Qian, X., and Lou, P. (2022). Research on Roundness Error Evaluation of Connecting Rod Journal in Crankshaft Journal Synchronous Measurement. Appl. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/app12042214"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chybowski, L., Nozdrzykowski, K., Grz\u0105dziel, Z., Jakubowski, A., and Przetakiewicz, W. (2020). Method to Increase the Accuracy of Large Crankshaft Geometry Measurements Using Counterweights to Minimize Elastic Deformations. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10144722"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02897436","article-title":"Research on synchronous measurement and error analysis of crankshaft journal\u2019s high-precision measurement","volume":"41","author":"Qian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"502","article-title":"Development of in-situ measuring geometrical characteristics method for crankshaft","volume":"11053","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tenth Int. Symp. Precis. Eng. Meas. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"062052","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/490\/6\/062052","article-title":"An algorithm for roundness evaluation of crankshaft main journal","volume":"490","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"767","article-title":"Research on Measuring Method of Crankshaft Based on Servo Control Mode","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intell. Autom. Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012016","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2101\/1\/012016","article-title":"Research on High Precision Rapid Online Measurement System of Crankshaft Based on Multi-station","volume":"2101","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Guo, H. (2017). Design and Research of Automatic Detection System for Crankshaft of Vehicle Engine, Xi\u2019an University of Technology."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2011.08.336","article-title":"Mini milling cutter measurement based on machine vision","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Procedia Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1847","article-title":"Design of the detection system for the position of the crankshaft flange hole group based on vision measurement technology","volume":"12169","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eighth Symp. Nov. Photoelectron. Detect. Technol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, Q., Kou, Y., Miao, J., Liu, S., and Chai, B. (2021). A model of diameter measurement based on the machine vision. Symmetry, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13020187"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2021.109194","article-title":"On-machine measurement method for the geometric error of shafts with a large ratio of length to diameter","volume":"176","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s13640-018-0339-x","article-title":"Research on geometric dimension measurement system of shaft parts based on machine vision","volume":"2018","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Image Video Processing"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Peng, Z. (2017). Research on Shaft Diameter Detection Method Based on Structured Light Image. [Ph.D. Thesis, Jilin University]."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Ding, Y.R. (2018). Research on Key Methods of Visual Precision Measurement of Shaft Parts. [Ph.D. Thesis, Jiangnan University]."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Yin, W.Q. (2017). Research on Vision Measuring Technology of Shaft Diameters. [Ph.D. Thesis, Jilin University]."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Zhang, Z. (1999, January 20). Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations. Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, Corfu, Greece."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3246","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.50.003246","article-title":"Measurement of shaft diameters by machine vision","volume":"50","author":"Wei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2013.11.005","article-title":"Shaft diameter measurement using a digital image","volume":"55","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Opt. Lasers Eng."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Wang, J.M., Gao, B., Zhang, X., Duan, X.J., and Liu, X.Y. (2015, January 16). Error correction for high-precision measurement of cylindrical objects diameter based on machine vision. Proceedings of the 2015 12th IEEE International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments (ICEMI), Qingdao, China."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20200156","DOI":"10.3788\/IRLA20200156","article-title":"Multi-camera fast bundle adjustment algorithm based on normalized matrix dimensionality reduction","volume":"50","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infrared Laser Eng."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garbacz, P., and Giesko, T. (2016). Multi-camera vision system for the inspection of metal shafts. Proceedings of the International Conference on Automation, Coimbatore, India, 2 March 2016, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-29357-8_64"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canny, J. (1987). A computational approach to edge detection. Readings in Computer Vision, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-051581-6.50024-6"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4290","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2012.2199502","article-title":"3-D object retrieval and recognition with hypergraph analysis","volume":"21","author":"Gao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Image Processing IEEE Trans."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1109\/34.888718","article-title":"A Flexible New Technique for Camera Calibration","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1090\/qam\/10666","article-title":"A method for the solution of certain non-linear problems in least squares","volume":"2","author":"Levenberg","year":"1944","journal-title":"Q. Appl. Math."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/11\/3982\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:17:48Z","timestamp":1760138268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/11\/3982"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s22113982"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22113982","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]]}}}