{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T11:34:16Z","timestamp":1784806456139,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We report on the deployment of MEMS static bifurcation (DC) sensors for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs): hydrogen sulfide and formaldehyde. We demonstrate a sensor that can detect as low as a few ppm of hydrogen sulfide. We also demonstrate a sensor array that can selectively detect formaldehyde in the presence of benzene, a closely related interferent. Toward that end, we investigate the sensitivity and selectivity of two detector polymers\u2014polyaniline (PANI) and poly (2,5-dimethyl aniline) (P25DMA)\u2014to both gases. A semiautomatic method is developed to functionalize individual sensors and sensor arrays with the detector polymers. We found that the sensor array can selectively sense 1 ppm of formaldehyde in the presence of benzene.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22114102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T02:30:06Z","timestamp":1653964206000},"page":"4102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds by Using MEMS Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3945-6104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Arabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9671-2015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majed","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Electronics and Defense Systems, King Abdulazaiz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0440-0904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalid","family":"Kabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Petroleum Applications, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo 11727, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6367-0974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Labena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Processes Design & Development, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo 11727, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8583-5466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walaa S.","family":"Gado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Petrochemicals, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo 11727, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhoomi","family":"Mavani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Polymer Research (IPR), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7585-7813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison J.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Polymer Research (IPR), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1826-1818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Penlidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Polymer Research (IPR), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Yavuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3709-7593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eihab","family":"Abdel-Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.2118\/1209-0078-JPT","article-title":"Control of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Oil and Gas Pipelines","volume":"61","author":"Denney","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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