{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T18:21:59Z","timestamp":1773771719184,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Internet of Things applications based on backscatter radio principles have appeared to address the limitations of high cost and high power consumption. While radio-frequency identification (RFID) sensor nodes are among the most commonly utilized state-of-the-art technologies, their range for passive implementations is typically short and well below 10 m being impractical for \u201crugged\u201d applications where approaching the tag at such proximity, is not convenient or safe. In this work, we propose a long-range \u201czero interception\u201d ambient backscatter (LoRAB) communication system relying on low power sensor (tag) deployments. Without employing a dedicated radio transmission, our technology enables the \u201czero interception\u201d communication of the tags with portable receivers over hundreds of meters. This enables low-cost and low-power communications across a wide range of missions by using chirp spread spectrum (CSS) modulation on ambient FM signals. A laboratory prototype exploiting commercial components (laptops, DAQ, software-defined radios (SDR) platform) have demonstrated the potential by achieving 130 m tag-to-reader distance for a low bit rate of 88 bps with the modulator current consumption at around 103 nA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22114151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T02:30:06Z","timestamp":1653964206000},"page":"4151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The New Era of Long-Range \u201cZero-Interception\u201d Ambient Backscattering Systems: 130 m with 130 nA Front-End Consumption"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2634-9350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spyridon Nektarios","family":"Daskalakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Institute of Sensors, Signals and Systems, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0054-8167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apostolos","family":"Georgiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, 2582 CN The Hague, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0476-3577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manos M.","family":"Tentzeris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8042-2347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Goussetis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Institute of Sensors, Signals and Systems, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4339-4914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Deligeorgis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology\u2014Hellas (FORTH), 70013 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Huynh, N., Hoang, D.T., Lu, X., Niyato, D., Wang, P., and Kim, D.I. 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