{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T03:55:57Z","timestamp":1778903757715,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"School of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Thailand"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A procedure for the precise determination and compensation of the lead-wire resistance of a resistance transducer is presented. The proposed technique is suitable for a two-wire resistance transducer, especially the resistance temperature detector (RTD). The proposed procedure provides a technique to compensate for the lead-wire resistance using a three-level pulse signal to excite the RTD via the long lead wire. In addition, the variation in the lead-wire resistance disturbed by the change in the ambient temperature can also be compensated by using the proposed technique. The determination of the lead-wire resistance from the proposed procedure requires a simple computation method performed by a digital signal processing unit. Therefore, the calculation of the RTD resistance and the lead-wire resistance can be achieved without the requirement of a high-speed digital signal processing unit. The proposed procedure is implemented on two platforms to confirm its effectiveness: the LabVIEW computer program and the microcontroller board. Experimental results show that the RTD resistance was accurately acquired, where the measured temperature varied from 0 \u00b0C to 300 \u00b0C and the lead-wire resistance varied from 0.2 \u2126 to 20 \u2126, corresponding to the length of the 26 American wire gauge (AWG) lead wire from 1.5 m to 150 m. The average power dissipation to the RTD was very low and the self-heating of the RTD was minimized. The measurement error of the RTD resistance observed for pt100 was within \u00b10.98 \u2126 or \u00b10.27 \u00b0C when the lead wire of 30 m was placed in an environment with the ambient temperature varying from 30 \u00b0C to 70 \u00b0C. It is evident that the proposed procedure provided a performance that agreed with the theoretical expectation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22114176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T05:25:42Z","timestamp":1653974742000},"page":"4176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Procedure for Precise Determination and Compensation of Lead-Wire Resistance of a Two-Wire Resistance Temperature Detector"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2423-0102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apinai","family":"Rerkratn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Supatsorn","family":"Prombut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thawatchai","family":"Kamsri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thai Microeletronics Center (TMEC), Chachoengsao 24000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4708-4665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanchai","family":"Riewruja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0234-3475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wandee","family":"Petchmaneelumka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Cetinkunt, S. 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