{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T15:19:42Z","timestamp":1770563982387,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSP-2021\/370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP-2021\/370"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ganoderma lucidum mushroom-mediated green synthesis of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) is explored via a low-temperature (\u226470 \u00b0C) wet chemical method. The role of Ganoderma lucidum mushroom extract in the reaction is to release the ganoderic acid molecules that tend to bind to the Ti4+ metal ions to form a titanium-ganoderic acid intermediate complex for obtaining TiO2 nanocrystallites (NCs), which is quite novel, considering the recent advances in fabricated gas sensing materials. The X-ray powder diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Brunauer\u2013Emmett\u2013Teller measurements etc., are used to characterize the crystal structure, surface morphology, and surface area of as-synthesized TiO2 and Pd-TiO2 sensors, respectively. The chlorine (Cl2) gas sensing properties are investigated from a lower range of 5 ppm to a higher range of 400 ppm. In addition to excellent response\u2013recovery time, good selectivity, constant repeatability, as well as chemical stability, the gas sensor efficiency of the as-synthesized Pd-TiO2 NC sensor is better (136% response at 150 \u00b0C operating temperature) than the TiO2 NC sensor (57% at 250 \u00b0C operating temperature) measured at 100 ppm (Cl2) gas concentration, suggesting that the green synthesized Pd-TiO2 sensor demonstrates efficient Cl2 gas sensing properties at low operating temperatures over pristine ones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22114200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T21:43:42Z","timestamp":1654119822000},"page":"4200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effect of Pd-Sensitization on Poisonous Chlorine Gas Detection Ability of TiO2: Green Synthesis and Low-Temperature Operation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Satish","family":"Ekar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Baboraoji Gholap College, Pune 411027, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8268-0385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umesh T.","family":"Nakate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yogesh B.","family":"Khollam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Baboraoji Gholap College, Pune 411027, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2137-324X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoyebmohamad F.","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Bld-5, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9624-7985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajaram S.","family":"Mane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Nano-Materials and Energy Devices, School of Physical Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded 431606, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4668-671X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abu ul Hassan S.","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marimuthu","family":"Palaniswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cozma, A., Firculescu, A.-C., Tudose, D., and Ruse, L. 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