{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T06:09:35Z","timestamp":1768889375370,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Germany","award":["#02WQ1384A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#02WQ1384A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Energy harvesting from flowing water is important for supplying hydrometric monitoring systems. Nevertheless, it is challenging due to the chaotic water flow in only one main direction and the relatively weak energy profile. In this paper, a novel energy harvester has been proposed, designed, and validated. The converter consists of a pendulum, a gearbox, two overrunning clutches, a spiral spring, and a generator. By coupling the kinetic energy via an oscillating mass equipped with a magnetic spring, it is possible to accommodate the power supply, electronics, and sensors with data transmission in a completely closed, encapsulated, stable housing without an interface to the outside. In addition, an energy management circuit and a battery charging circuit were developed that could be housed in the sealed enclosure. The pendulum transducer prototype was tested with the developed online hydrometric measurement station, which consists of a multi-channel data logger with a cellular modem and a tipping bucket rain gauge sensor. The overall system was successfully validated by experimental studies in a river.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22114246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T08:01:18Z","timestamp":1654243278000},"page":"4246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pendulum-Based River Current Energy Converter for Hydrometric Monitoring Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4544-2593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Slim","family":"Naifar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair for Measurement and Sensor Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Chemnitz, Reichenhainerstra\u00dfe 70, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5228-9251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Grimmeisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEBA Hydrometrie GmbH & Co. KG (SEBA), Gewerbestra\u00dfe 61a, 87600 Kaufbeuren, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Applied Geosciences (AGW), Karsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstra\u00dfe 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Viehweger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair for Measurement and Sensor Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Chemnitz, Reichenhainerstra\u00dfe 70, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3911-5692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zheng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair for Measurement and Sensor Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Chemnitz, Reichenhainerstra\u00dfe 70, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SEBA Hydrometrie GmbH & Co. KG (SEBA), Gewerbestra\u00dfe 61a, 87600 Kaufbeuren, Germany"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"H\u00f6rschelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JuB-Creative Product GmbH, Industriestra\u00dfe 12, 99846 Seebach, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7166-1266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olfa","family":"Kanoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair for Measurement and Sensor Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Chemnitz, Reichenhainerstra\u00dfe 70, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahimzadeh, M., Samadi, H., and Mohammadi, N. (2021). Analysis of Energy Harvesting Enhancement in Piezoelectric Unimorph Cantilevers. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21248463"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kargar, S., and Hao, G. (2022). 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