{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T19:43:19Z","timestamp":1773776599322,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61801411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61801411"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021Y01010295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021Y01010295"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Fujian Province","award":["61801411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61801411"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Fujian Province","award":["2021Y01010295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021Y01010295"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microneedle (MN) is a novel technique of the biomedical engineering field because of its ability to evaluate bioinformation via minimal invasion. One of the urgent requirements for ground-breaking health care monitoring is persistent monitoring. Hollow microneedles are extremely attractive to extract skin interstitial fluid (ISF) for analysis, which makes them perfect for sensing biomarkers and facilitating diagnosis. Nevertheless, its intricate fabrication process has hampered its extensive application. The present research demonstrates an easy one-step preparation approach for hollow MNs on the foundation of the refraction index variations of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) in the process of photopolymerization. The fabricated hollow microneedle exhibited ideal mechanical characteristics to penetrate the skin. Hydrodynamic simulations showed that the liquid was risen in a hollow microneedle by capillary force. Furthermore, a paper-based glucose sensor was integrated with the hollow microneedle. We also observed that the MN array smoothly extracted ISF in vitro and in vivo by capillary action. The outcomes displayed the applicability of the MN patch to persistent blood glucose (GLU) monitoring, diagnosis-related tests for patients and pre-diabetic individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22114253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T08:01:18Z","timestamp":1654243278000},"page":"4253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Hollow Microneedles on a Paper Fabricated by Standard Photolithography for the Screening Test of Prediabetes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Tianwei","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}]},{"given":"Xueqiu","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.105","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus statistics on prevalence and mortality: Facts and fallacies","volume":"12","author":"Zimmet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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