{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T01:59:56Z","timestamp":1770515996497,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We recently developed a long-length detector that combines three detectors and successfully acquires whole-body X-ray images. Although the developed detector system can efficiently acquire whole-body images in a short time, it may show problems with diagnostic performance in some areas owing to the use of high-energy X-rays during whole-spine and long-length examinations. In particular, during examinations of relatively thin bones, such as ankles, with a long-length detector, the image quality deteriorates because of an increase in X-ray transmission. An additional filter is primarily used to address this limitation, but this approach imposes a higher load on the X-ray tube to compensate for reductions in the radiation dose and the problem of high manufacturing costs. Thus, in this study, a newly designed additional filter was fabricated using 3D printing technology to improve the applicability of the long-length detector. Whole-spine anterior\u2013posterior (AP), lateral, and long-leg AP X-ray examinations were performed using 3D-printed additional filters composed of 14 mm thick aluminum (Al) or 14 mm thick Al + 1 mm thick copper (Cu) composite material. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and radiation dose for the acquired X-ray images were evaluated to demonstrate the usefulness of the filters. Under all X-ray inspection conditions, the most effective data were obtained when the composite additional filter based on a 14 mm thick Al + 1 mm thick Cu material was used. We confirmed that an SNR improvement of up to 46%, CNR improvement of 37%, and radiation dose reduction of 90% could be achieved in the X-ray images obtained using the composite additional filter in comparison to the images obtained with no filter. The results proved that the additional filter made with a 3D printer was effective in improving image quality and reducing the radiation dose for X-ray images obtained using a long-length detector.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22114299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T00:10:33Z","timestamp":1654560633000},"page":"4299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Usefulness of an Additional Filter Created Using 3D Printing for Whole-Body X-ray Imaging with a Long-Length Detector"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4869-8597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunsoo","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Science, College of Health Science, Gachon University, 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Gyeonggi-do, Korea"}]},{"given":"Wooyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Science, College of Health Science, Gachon University, 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Gyeonggi-do, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6193-9191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bongju","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Assurance Team, Business Division, Vieworks, 41-3, Burim-ro 170beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si 14055, Gyeonggi-do, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9841-7610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huimin","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Namcheon Hospital, 575, Gosan-ro, Gunpo-si 15820, Gyeonggi-do, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1019-3347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myeong Seong","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea"}]},{"given":"Youngjin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Science, College of Health Science, Gachon University, 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Gyeonggi-do, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2015.06.018","article-title":"Radiography of scoliosis: Comparative dose levels and image quality between a dynamic flat-panel detector and a slot-scanning device (EOS system)","volume":"96","author":"Yvert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diagn. 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