{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T15:50:02Z","timestamp":1781797802709,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy","award":["DE-AC02-07CH11359"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC02-07CH11359"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents the implementation of a multiplexed analog readout electronics system that can achieve single-electron counting using Skipper-CCDs with non-destructive readout. The proposed system allows the best performance of the sensors to be maintained, with sub-electron noise-level operation, while maintaining low-bandwidth data transfer, a minimum number of analog-to-digital converters (ADC) and low disk storage requirement with zero added multiplexing time, even for the simultaneous operation of thousands of channels. These features are possible with a combination of analog charge pile-up, sample and hold circuits and analog multiplexing. The implementation also aims to use the minimum number of components in circuits to keep compatibility with high-channel-density experiments using Skipper-CCDs for low-threshold particle detection applications. Performance details and experimental results using a sensor with 16 output stages are presented along with a review of the circuit design considerations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22114308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T00:10:33Z","timestamp":1654560633000},"page":"4308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Multiplexed Readout for an Experiment with a Large Number of Channels Using Single-Electron Sensitivity Skipper-CCDs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7853-6900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio R.","family":"Chavez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA"},{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica y de Computadoras, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica \u201cAlfredo C. Desages\u201d (IIIE-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bah\u00eda Blanca 8000, Argentina"},{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Nacional de Asunci\u00f3n, Asunci\u00f3n 111421, Paraguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5619-1713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Chierchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica y de Computadoras, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica \u201cAlfredo C. Desages\u201d (IIIE-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bah\u00eda Blanca 8000, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Sofo-Haro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA"},{"name":"Centro At\u00f3mico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Energ\u00eda At\u00f3mica (CNEA), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), Mendoza 5500, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7882-0576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Lipovetzky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro At\u00f3mico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Energ\u00eda At\u00f3mica (CNEA), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), Mendoza 5500, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Fernandez-Moroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Estrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Hartmann, F. 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