{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T16:16:13Z","timestamp":1781799373488,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)","award":["19H00881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19H00881"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We developed a path-planning system for radiation source identification devices using 4\u03c0 gamma imaging. The estimated source location and activity were calculated by an integrated simulation model by using 4\u03c0 gamma images at multiple measurement positions. Using these calculated values, a prediction model to estimate the probability of identification at the next measurement position was created by via random forest analysis. The path-planning system based on the prediction model was verified by integrated simulation and experiment for a 137Cs point source. The results showed that 137Cs point sources were identified using the few measurement positions suggested by the path-planning system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22124325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T02:01:44Z","timestamp":1655085704000},"page":"4325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Path-Planning System for Radioisotope Identification Devices Using 4\u03c0 Gamma Imaging Based on Random Forest Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5192-6001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideki","family":"Tomita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shintaro","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Mukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keita","family":"Yamagishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidetake","family":"Ebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4046-0071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenji","family":"Shimazoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2981-7578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Robotics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanwool","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Kogakuin University, Hachioji 192-0015, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Asama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumihiko","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Technology, Toyama College, Toyama-shi 939-8630, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiji","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Technology, Toyama College, Toyama-shi 939-8630, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Kawarabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Safety Engineering, Tokyo City University, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosuke","family":"Tanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Institute of Police Science, Chiba 277-0882, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Kamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Engineering Innovation, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IAEA Incident and Trafficking Database (ITDB) (2022, March 08). Incidents of Nuclear and Other Radioactive Material out of Regulatory Control. Available online: https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/sites\/default\/files\/20\/02\/itdb-factsheet-2020.pdf."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2016.01.001","article-title":"Three-dimensional localization of low activity gamma-ray sources in real-time scenarios","volume":"813","author":"Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. A"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-1098(01)00134-0","article-title":"Least squares estimation techniques for position tracking of radioactive sources","volume":"37","author":"Howse","year":"2001","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huo, J., Liu, M., Neusypin, K.A., Liu, H., Guo, M., and Xiao, Y. (2020). Autonomous search of radioactive sources through mobile robots. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20123461"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vetter, K., Barnowski, R., Cates, J.W., Haefner, A., Joshi, T.H.Y., Pavlovsky, R., and Quiter, B.J. (2019). Advances in nuclear radiation sensing: Enabling 3-D gamma-ray vision. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19112541"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1080\/00223131.2019.1581111","article-title":"Radiation imaging using a compact Compton camera mounted on a crawler robot inside reactor buildings of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station","volume":"56","author":"Sato","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1080\/00223131.2020.1720845","article-title":"Remote detection of radioactive hotspot using a Compton camera mounted on a moving multi-copter drone above a contaminated area in Fukushima","volume":"57","author":"Sato","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takahashi, T., Kawarabayashi, J., Tomita, H., Iguchi, T., and Takada, E. (2013, January 23\u201327). Development of Omnidirectional Gamma-imager with Stacked Scintillators. Proceedings of the 2013 3rd International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and Their Applications (ANIMMA), Marseille, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/ANIMMA.2013.6728078"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"070005","article-title":"Crystal identification in stacked GAGG scintillators for 4\u03c0 direction sensitive gamma-ray imager","volume":"11","author":"Fuwa","year":"2016","journal-title":"JPS Conf. Proc."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"011016","article-title":"4\u03c0 compton gamma imaging toward determination of radioactivity","volume":"24","author":"Uema","year":"2019","journal-title":"JPS Conf. Proc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukai, A., Tomita, H., Hara, S., Yamagishi, K., Terabayashi, R., Shimoyama, T., and Shimazoe, K. (2021, January 11\u201314). Simplified image reconstruction method in 4\u03c0 Compton imaging for radioactive source identification. Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE\/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII), Fukushima, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEECONF49454.2021.9382624"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomita, H., Mukai, A., Kanamori, K., Shimazoe, K., Woo, H., Tamura, Y., Hara, S., Terabayashi, R., Uenomachi, M., and Nurrachman, A. (2020, January 12\u201315). Gamma-ray Source Identification by a Vehicle-mounted 4\u03c0 Compton Imager. Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE\/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII), Honolulu, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/SII46433.2020.9025865"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukai, A., Hara, S., Yamagishi, K., Terabayashi, R., Shimazoe, K., Tamura, Y., Woo, H., Kishimoto, T., Kogami, H., and Zhihong, Z. (2022, January 9\u201312). Optimization of Detector Movement Algorithm Using Decision Trees Analysis for Radiation Source Identification Based on 4\u03c0 Gamma Imaging. Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE\/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII), Narvik, Norway.","DOI":"10.1109\/SII52469.2022.9708756"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kishimoto, T., Woo, H., Komatsu, R., Tamura, Y., Tomita, H., Shimazoe, K., Yamashita, A., and Asama, H. (2021). Path planning for localization of radiation sources based on principal component analysis. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11104707"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/12\/4325\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:25:33Z","timestamp":1760138733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/12\/4325"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s22124325"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22124325","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]}}}