{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T23:36:41Z","timestamp":1770421001860,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":203,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Basque Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IT1426-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT1426-22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Basque Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRE_2021_1_0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRE_2021_1_0006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Basque Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRE_2021_1_0051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRE_2021_1_0051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Basque Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2021-124706OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-124706OB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Basque Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTI2018-099162-B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-099162-B-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Spanish Government","award":["IT1426-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT1426-22"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Government","award":["PRE_2021_1_0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRE_2021_1_0006"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Government","award":["PRE_2021_1_0051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRE_2021_1_0051"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Government","award":["PID2021-124706OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-124706OB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Government","award":["RTI2018-099162-B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-099162-B-I00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article reviews the basis and the main aspects of the recent evolution of Broadband Power Line Communications (BB-PLC or, more commonly, BPL) technologies. The article starts describing the organizations and alliances involved in the development and evolution of BPL systems, as well as the standardization institutions working on PLC technologies. Then, a short description of the technical foundation of the recent proposed technologies and a comparison of the main specifications are presented; the regulatory activities related to the limits of emissions and immunity are also addressed. Finally, some representative applications of BPL and some selected use cases enabled by these technologies are summarized, together with the main challenges to be faced.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22124348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T02:01:44Z","timestamp":1655085704000},"page":"4348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Upgrading the Power Grid Functionalities with Broadband Power Line Communications: Basis, Applications, Current Trends and Challenges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9221-6957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bilbao Engineering College, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6154-1087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noelia","family":"Uribe-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico de Bizkaia, C\/Astondo Bidea, Edificio 700, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2898-6003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Sendin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telecommunications Department, Iberdrola, 48003 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZIV Automation, Parque Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico de Bizkaia 210, 48170 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4811-4173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"de la Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bilbao Engineering College, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9312-5886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bilbao Engineering College, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacio Javier","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico de Bizkaia, C\/Astondo Bidea, Edificio 700, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ml\u00fdnek, P., Rusz, M., Bene\u0161l, L., Sl\u00e1\u010dik, J., and Musil, P. 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