{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:35:25Z","timestamp":1760229325568,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In water resources management, modeling water balance factors is necessary to control dams, agriculture, irrigation, and also to provide water supply for drinking and industries. Generally, conceptual and physical models present challenges to find more hydro-climatic parameters, which show good performance in the assessment of runoff in different climatic regions. Accordingly, a dynamic and reliable model is proposed to estimate inter-annual rainfall-runoff in five climatic regions of northern Algeria. This is a new improvement of Ol\u2019Dekop\u2019s equation, which models the residual values obtained between real and predicted data using artificial neuron networks (ANNs), namely by ANN1 and ANN2 sub-models. In this work, a set of climatic and geographical variables, obtained from 16 basins, which are inter-annual rainfall (IAR), watershed area (S), and watercourse (WC), were used as input data in the first model. Further, the ANN1 output results and De Martonne index (I) were classified, and were then processed by ANN2 to further increase reliability, and make the model more dynamic and unaffected by the climatic characteristic of the area. The final model proved the best performance in the entire region compared to a set of parametric and non-parametric water balance models used in this study, where the R2Adj obtained from each test gave values between 0.9103 and 0.9923.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22124349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T02:01:44Z","timestamp":1655085704000},"page":"4349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Novel Interannual Rainfall Runoff Equation Derived from Ol\u2019Dekop\u2019s Model Using Artificial Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Omar","family":"Mimeche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory in Applied Hydraulics and Environment (LRHAE), Department of Hydraulics, Faculty of Technology, University of Bejaia, Targa Ouzemour, Bejaia 06000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1731-0489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Aieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biomathematics, Biophysics, Biochemistry, and Scientometric (BBBS), Bejaia University, Bejaia 06000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2773-4421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Liotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5356-6890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khodir","family":"Madani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biomathematics, Biophysics, Biochemistry, and Scientometric (BBBS), Bejaia University, Bejaia 06000, Algeria"},{"name":"Research Center of Agro-Food Technologies (CRTAA), Bejaia 06000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2004.10.024","article-title":"Evaluation of three complementary relationship evapotranspiration models by water balance approach to estimate actual regional evapotranspiration in different climatic regions","volume":"308","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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