{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T05:12:29Z","timestamp":1782277949024,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002635","name":"Inha University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002635","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Quantum dots (QDs) are used progressively in sensing areas because of their special electrical properties due to their extremely small size. This paper discusses the gas sensing features of QD-based resistive sensors. Different types of pristine, doped, composite, and noble metal decorated QDs are discussed. In particular, the review focus primarily on the sensing mechanisms suggested for these gas sensors. QDs show a high sensing performance at generally low temperatures owing to their extremely small sizes, making them promising materials for the realization of reliable and high-output gas-sensing devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22124369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T02:01:44Z","timestamp":1655085704000},"page":"4369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Resistive-Based Gas Sensors Using Quantum Dots: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2301-634X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Mirzaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz 71557-13876, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoheir","family":"Kordrostami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz 71557-13876, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7738-6082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehrdad","family":"Shahbaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia 5766-151818, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyoun Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea"},{"name":"The Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6912-3509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Sub","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2021.101186","article-title":"Application of nonlinear land use regression models for ambient air pollutants and air quality index","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2018.06.015","article-title":"Resistance-based H2S gas sensors using metal oxide nanostructures: A review of recent advances","volume":"357","author":"Mirzaei","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lau, H.C., Yu, J.B., Lee, H.W., Huh, J.S., and Lim, J.O. (2017). Investigation of exhaled breath samples from patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and an exhaled breath sensor system. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17081783"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462319","article-title":"Determination of ammonium and biogenic amines by ion chromatography. A review","volume":"1651","author":"Michalski","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Systematic review on design and development of efficient semiconductor based surface acoustic wave gas sensor","volume":"22","author":"Patial","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transcation Electical Electron. Mater."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1761","article-title":"Part 1: Transducers and receptors\u2014basic understanding","volume":"411","author":"Oprea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Popa, D., and Udrea, F.J.S. (2019). Towards integrated mid-infrared gas sensors. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19092076"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012004","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/24\/1\/012004","article-title":"Optical gas sensing: A review","volume":"24","author":"Hodgkinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nazemi, H., Joseph, A., Park, J., and Emadi, A. (2019). Advanced micro- and nano-gas sensor technology: A review. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19061285"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2012.10.041","article-title":"Advances and new directions in gas-sensing devices","volume":"61","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2005.10.069","article-title":"Metal oxide nano-crystals for gas sensing","volume":"568","author":"Comini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.06.114","article-title":"Microwave-assisted synthesis of metal oxide nanostructures for gas sensing application: A review","volume":"237","author":"Mirzaei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1953.tb01420.x","article-title":"Surface properties of germanium","volume":"32","author":"Brattain","year":"1953","journal-title":"Bell Syst. Tech. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60191a001","article-title":"A new detector for gaseous components using semiconductive thin films","volume":"34","author":"Seiyama","year":"1962","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Taguchi, N. (1962). A Metal Oxide Gas Sensor. (4,538,200), Japanese Patent."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.12.117","article-title":"Metal oxide composites in conductometric gas sensors: Achievements and challenges","volume":"244","author":"Korotcenkov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.04.029","article-title":"Optimization and gas sensing mechanism of n-SnO2-p-Co3O4 composite nanofibers","volume":"248","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.12.120","article-title":"Combination of Pd loading and electron beam irradiation for superior hydrogen sensing of electrospun ZnO nanofibers","volume":"284","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.11.066","article-title":"How shell thickness can affect the gas sensing properties of nanostructured materials: Survey of literature","volume":"258","author":"Mirzaei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2014.07.074","article-title":"Nanoscale metal oxide-based heterojunctions for gas sensing: A review","volume":"204","author":"Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1080\/10408436.2016.1244656","article-title":"Noble metal decorated graphene-based gas sensors and their fabrication: A review","volume":"42","author":"Singhal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1002\/tcr.202000088","article-title":"Advances in doped ZnO nanostructures for gas sensor","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Rec."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1080\/10408436.2016.1226161","article-title":"UV-LED photo-activated chemical gas sensors: A review","volume":"42","author":"Espid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13367","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TC04132J","article-title":"Gas sensing with heterostructures based on two-dimensional nanostructured materials: A review","volume":"7","author":"Bag","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.08.003","article-title":"Quasi-one-dimensional metal-oxide-based heterostructural gas-sensing materials: A review","volume":"221","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nikolic, M.V. (2020, January 22\u201324). An overview of oxide materials for gas sensors. Proceedings of the 2020 23rd International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS), Novi Sad, Serbia.","DOI":"10.1109\/DDECS50862.2020.9095743"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2012.11.096","article-title":"Fabrication of nanobeads structured perovskite type neodymium iron oxide film: Its structural, optical, electrical and LPG sensing investigations","volume":"177","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors3010001","article-title":"First fifty years of chemoresistive gas sensors","volume":"3","author":"Neri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosensors"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2016.09.052","article-title":"A novel gas sensor based on Ag\/Fe2O3 core-shell nanocomposites","volume":"42","author":"Mirzaei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4986","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201301947","article-title":"25th anniversary article: Colloidal quantum dot materials and devices: A quarter-century of advances","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"37","article-title":"Quantum dots applications","volume":"198","author":"Bagher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Transducers"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physb.2019.411913","article-title":"An exploration into the quantum confinement of cts\/natural dye core-shell quantum dots","volume":"579","author":"Mathew","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. B Condens. Matter"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2020.12.067","article-title":"Quantum dots: Perspectives in next-generation chemical gas sensors\u2014A review","volume":"1152","author":"Galstyan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10358","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ra46308g","article-title":"Tin sulfide (SnS) nanorods: Structural, optical and lithium storage property study","volume":"4","author":"Tripathi","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2012.03.084","article-title":"Optical properties of SnO2 quantum dots synthesized by laser ablation in liquid","volume":"536","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2008.01.112","article-title":"Fabrication of ZnO nanotubes with ultrathin wall by electrodeposition method","volume":"62","author":"Ren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2015.05.017","article-title":"Preparation and optical studies of PbS nanoparticles","volume":"46","author":"Mamiyev","year":"2015","journal-title":"Opt. Mater."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200500479","article-title":"Facile synthesis and characterization of luminescent TiO2 nanocrystals","volume":"17","author":"Pan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/JNanoR.9.125","article-title":"Structural studies of ZnS nanoparticles by high resolution transmission electron microscopy","volume":"9","author":"Gayou","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nano Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4807","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-013-1479-5","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of SnS\/ZnO nanocomposite by chemical method","volume":"24","author":"Sohila","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-008-4538-7","article-title":"Competitive growth of In2O3 nanorods with rectangular cross sections","volume":"92","author":"Yan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. A"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.200900031","article-title":"Review of current progress in quantum dot infrared photodetectors","volume":"4","author":"Barve","year":"2010","journal-title":"Laser Photonics Rev."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2013.01.030","article-title":"Quantum dot-sensitized solar cells\u2014Perspective and recent developments: A review of cd chalcogenide quantum dots as sensitizers","volume":"22","author":"Jun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2014.05.023","article-title":"A review of semiconductor materials as sensitizers for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells","volume":"37","author":"Kouhnavard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804294","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201804294","article-title":"Stability of quantum dots, quantum dot films, and quantum dot light-emitting diodes for display applications","volume":"31","author":"Moon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51048","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.8b00263","article-title":"Fully stretchable and humidity-resistant quantum dot gas sensors","volume":"3","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2013.11.005","article-title":"Highly sensitive and selective gas sensors using p-type oxide semiconductors: Overview","volume":"192","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023436725457","article-title":"Oxide semiconductor gas sensors","volume":"7","author":"Yamazoe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Catal. Surv. Asia"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4005(91)80207-Z","article-title":"Grain size effects on gas sensitivity of porous sno2-based elements","volume":"3","author":"Xu","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2020.11.107","article-title":"Size effects of tin oxide quantum dot gas sensors: From partial depletion to volume depletion","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1080\/21663831.2018.1482837","article-title":"Highlights on advances in SnO2 quantum dots: Insights into synthesis strategies, modifications and applications","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2015.04.011","article-title":"Size-controlled synthesis of SnO2 quantum dots and their gas-sensing performance","volume":"346","author":"Du","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2015.11.092","article-title":"Ultrafast response and recovery ethanol sensor based on SnO2 quantum dots","volume":"165","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.04.173","article-title":"Fast microwave-assisted synthesis of gas-sensing SnO2 quantum dots with high sensitivity","volume":"236","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12732","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00063","article-title":"Colloidal quantum dot solar cells","volume":"115","author":"Carey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163104","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4900405","article-title":"Chemiresistive gas sensors employing solution-processed metal oxide quantum dot films","volume":"105","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12527","DOI":"10.1021\/ja8040527","article-title":"Sno2 quantum dots and quantum wires: Controllable synthesis, self-assembled 2d architectures, and gas-sensing properties","volume":"130","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2017.10.021","article-title":"Room-temperature gas sensing of zno-based gas sensor: A review","volume":"267","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.03.098","article-title":"Sensitive H2S gas sensors employing colloidal zinc oxide quantum dots","volume":"249","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2010.02.059","article-title":"Synthesis and gas sensing properties of zno quantum dots","volume":"146","author":"Forleo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2018.09.051","article-title":"Resistive-type hydrogen gas sensor based on TiO2: A review","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohd Chachuli, S.A., Hamidon, M.N., Mamat, M., Ertugrul, M., and Abdullah, N.H.J.S. (2018). A hydrogen gas sensor based on TiO2 nanoparticles on alumina substrate. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082483"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18380","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-018-9952-9","article-title":"A high-performance NH3 gas sensor based on TiO2 quantum dot clusters with ppb level detection limit at room temperature","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2014.07.058","article-title":"Resistive gas sensors based on colloidal quantum dot (cqd) solids for hydrogen sulfide detection","volume":"217","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.02.042","article-title":"Colloidal quantum dot-based surface acoustic wave sensors for NO2-sensing behavior","volume":"287","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4174","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2016.2546966","article-title":"Highly sensitive, room temperature methane gas sensor based on lead sulfide colloidal nanocrystals","volume":"16","author":"Mosahebfard","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2718","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201304366","article-title":"Physically flexible, rapid-response gas sensor based on colloidal quantum dot solids","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69478-x","article-title":"Lead sulphide colloidal quantum dots for room temperature NO2 gas sensors","volume":"10","author":"Mitri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mishra, R.K., Choi, G.-J., Choi, H.-J., and Gwag, J.-S. (2021). ZnS quantum dot based acetone sensor for monitoring health-hazardous gases in indoor\/outdoor environment. Micromachines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/mi12060598"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2019.01.100","article-title":"Surface acoustic wave no2 sensors utilizing colloidal sns quantum dot thin films","volume":"362","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1109\/LED.2017.2709247","article-title":"Nitrogen dioxide gas sensor based on monolayer sns: A first-principle study","volume":"38","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Electron Device Lett."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"045006","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1583\/ac13c1","article-title":"Room temperature ppt-level no2 gas sensor based on sno x\/sns nanostructures with rich oxygen vacancies","volume":"8","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"2D Mater."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-018-0473-3","article-title":"Growth of sns nanoparticles and its ability as ethanol gas sensor","volume":"30","author":"Rana","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9545","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b01485","article-title":"Growth of large-size sns thin crystals driven by oriented attachment and applications to gas sensors and photodetectors","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4895","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25192-4","article-title":"Atomically dispersed pb ionic sites in pbcdse quantum dot gels enhance room-temperature no2 sensing","volume":"12","author":"Geng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/22243682.2013.838375","article-title":"Strontium oxide quantum dot decorated graphene composites for liquid petroleum gas sensing","volume":"1","author":"Nemade","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Chin. Adv. Mater. Soc."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TC04912C","article-title":"Poly(n-vinylpyrrolidone-co-acrylonitrile-co-methacrylic acid)\u2013graphene quantum dot conjugate: Synthesis and characterization for sensing ammonia vapour","volume":"9","author":"Upadhyaya","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9438","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b20984","article-title":"Enhanced performances of PbS quantum-dots-modified MoS2 composite for NO2 detection at room temperature","volume":"11","author":"Xin","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2010.06.001","article-title":"Acetone sensing property of zno quantum dots embedded on pvp","volume":"148","author":"Nath","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.4236\/jst.2011.13012","article-title":"Zno: Pvp quantum dot ethanol sensor","volume":"1","author":"Choudhury","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Sens. Technol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, S., Yan, G., Wu, C., and He, S. (2019). An ethanol vapor sensor based on a microfiber with a quantum-dot gel coating. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19020300"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2014.09.038","article-title":"Dopamine fluorescent sensors based on polypyrrole\/graphene quantum dots core\/shell hybrids","volume":"64","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23861","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA03938A","article-title":"Graphene quantum dot based materials for sensing, bio-imaging and energy storage applications: A review","volume":"10","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3686","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cc00110a","article-title":"Graphene quantum dots: Emergent nanolights for bioimaging, sensors, catalysis and photovoltaic devices","volume":"48","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2572","DOI":"10.1021\/jz100862f","article-title":"Colloidal graphene quantum dots","volume":"1","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1080\/03067319.2016.1196680","article-title":"A new hydrogen cyanide chemiresistor gas sensor based on graphene quantum dots","volume":"96","author":"Alizadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8966","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TC01740E","article-title":"A new approach to flexible humidity sensors using graphene quantum dots","volume":"5","author":"Hosseini","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1109\/LED.2015.2425413","article-title":"Subsecond response of humidity sensor based on graphene oxide quantum dots","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Electron Device Lett."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.04.092","article-title":"Graphene quantum dots as a novel sensing material for low-cost resistive and fast-response humidity sensors","volume":"218","author":"Ruiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4433","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CS00379A","article-title":"Recent developments in carbon nanomaterial sensors","volume":"44","author":"Baptista","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.9b00514","article-title":"Review of carbon and graphene quantum dots for sensing","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2018.07.001","article-title":"Nitrogen-doped graphene and graphene quantum dots: A review onsynthesis and applications in energy, sensors and environment","volume":"259","author":"Kaur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3710","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EN00787K","article-title":"A review on graphene quantum dots and their nanocomposites: From laboratory synthesis towards agricultural and environmental applications","volume":"7","author":"Facure","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Nano"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2022.126229","article-title":"N-doped graphene quantum dot-modified polyaniline for room-temperature sensing of alcohol vapors","volume":"287","author":"Moloto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5849018","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5849018","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of polymeric graphene quantum dots based nanocomposites for humidity sensing","volume":"2016","author":"Long","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nanomater."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.01.086","article-title":"Highly sensitive and flexible ammonia sensor based on S and N co-doped graphene quantum dots\/polyaniline hybrid at room temperature","volume":"229","author":"Gavgani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong, S.-Z., Huang, Q.-Y., and Wu, T.-M. (2021). The room temperature highly sensitive ammonia gas sensor based on polyaniline and nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot-coated hollow indium oxide nanofiber composite. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13213676"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2018.2797118","article-title":"Fabrication of a room temperature ammonia gas sensor based on polyaniline with n-doped graphene quantum dots","volume":"18","author":"Hakimi","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6149","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2016.2585461","article-title":"Fabrication and characterization of an ammonia gas sensor based on pedot-pss with n-doped graphene quantum dots dopant","volume":"16","author":"Hakimi","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_100","first-page":"1","article-title":"DFT study of small gas molecules adsorbed on undoped and N-, Si-, B-, and Al-doped graphene quantum dots","volume":"138","author":"Oliva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theor. Chem. Accounts"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11496","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR00942F","article-title":"Graphene quantum dot-functionalized three-dimensional ordered mesoporous ZnO for acetone detection toward diagnosis of diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34245","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c03369","article-title":"N-doped graphene quantum dot-decorated three-dimensional ordered macroporous In2O3 for NO2 sensing at low temperatures","volume":"12","author":"Lv","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.02.093","article-title":"Metal-organic frameworks-derived zinc oxide nanopolyhedra\/S, N: Graphene quantum dots\/polyaniline ternary nanohybrid for high-performance acetone sensing","volume":"288","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13428","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b19896","article-title":"Enhancing the charge carrier separation and transport via nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot-TiO2 nanoplate hybrid structure for an efficient NO gas sensor","volume":"12","author":"Murali","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.129882","article-title":"Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots-modified mesoporous SnO2 hierarchical hollow cubes for low temperature detection of nitrogen dioxide","volume":"339","author":"Lv","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jssc.2016.02.037","article-title":"Trimethylamine sensing properties of graphene quantum Dots\/\u03b1-Fe2O3 composites","volume":"237","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Solid State Chem."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12647","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TA03425G","article-title":"Boron-doped graphene quantum dot\/Ag\u2013LaFeO3 p\u2013p heterojunctions for sensitive and selective benzene detection","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5220","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.0c00642","article-title":"ZnO nanosheets modified with graphene quantum dots and SnO2 quantum nanoparticles for room-temperature H2S sensing","volume":"3","author":"Shao","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.09.002","article-title":"Room temperature pH-dependent ammonia gas sensors using graphene quantum dots","volume":"222","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57559","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA08158K","article-title":"A room temperature volatile organic compound sensor with enhanced performance, fast response and recovery based on N-doped graphene quantum dots and poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)\u2013poly (styrenesulfonate) nanocomposite","volume":"5","author":"Gavgani","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.03.109","article-title":"B, N, S, Cl doped graphene quantum dots and their effects on gas-sensing properties of Ag-LaFeO3","volume":"266","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spmi.2017.12.050","article-title":"Optical graphene quantum dots gas sensors: Theoretical study","volume":"114","author":"Raeyani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Superlatt. Microstruct."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physe.2018.08.003","article-title":"The acetone sensing properties of ZnFe2O4-graphene quantum dots (GQDs) nanocomposites at room temperature","volume":"106","author":"Chu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. E Low-Dimens. Syst. Nanostruct."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.05.122","article-title":"Enhanced catalytic activity of SnO2 quantum dot films employing atomic ligand-exchange strategy for fast response H2S gas sensors","volume":"271","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12045","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NR02498G","article-title":"Porous Co3O4\/SnO2 quantum dot (QD) heterostructures with abundant oxygen vacancies and Co2+ ions for highly efficient gas sensing and oxygen evolution reaction","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.127870","article-title":"Gas-sensing behaviors of TiO2-layer-modified SnO2 quantum dots in self-heating mode and effects of the TiO2 layer","volume":"310","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.1589","article-title":"The chemistry of two-dimensional layered transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets","volume":"5","author":"Chhowalla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2014.05.009","article-title":"Layered transition-metal dichalcogenides (MoS2 and WS2) for sensing and biosensing","volume":"61","author":"Pumera","year":"2014","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3934","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.9b00820","article-title":"WS2 quantum dot graphene nanocomposite film for UV photodetection","volume":"2","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12668","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c01264","article-title":"Design of core\u2013shell quantum dots\u20133d WS2 nanowall hybrid nanostructures with high-performance bifunctional sensing applications","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2018.09.041","article-title":"Hydrothermal-solvothermal cutting integrated synthesis and optical properties of MoS2 quantum dots","volume":"86","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. Mater."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.127437","article-title":"MoS2 hybrid heterostructure thin film decorated with cdte quantum dots for room temperature no2 gas sensor","volume":"305","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6673-1-22","article-title":"The toxicity of cadmium and resulting hazards for human health","volume":"1","author":"Godt","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Occup. Med. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2014.08.091","article-title":"Visible light activated room temperature gas sensors based on nanocrystalline zno sensitized with CdSe quantum dots","volume":"205","author":"Chizhov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.09.059","article-title":"Near infrared light enhanced room-temperature NO2 gas sensing by hierarchical ZnO nanorods functionalized with PbS quantum dots","volume":"255","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2019.152376","article-title":"BN quantum dots decorated ZnO nanoplates sensor for enhanced detection of BTEX gases","volume":"815","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25178","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c05240","article-title":"SnS2 quantum dot-based optoelectronic flexible sensors for ultrasensitive detection of no2 down to 1 ppb","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5618","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA10310A","article-title":"Enhancing room-temperature NO2 gas sensing performance based on a metal phthalocyanine\/graphene quantum dot hybrid material","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14805","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA01975A","article-title":"Room temperature dmmp gas sensing based on cobalt phthalocyanine derivative\/graphene quantum dot hybrid materials","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1039\/C9AY02696G","article-title":"Principles, mechanisms, and application of carbon quantum dots in sensors: A review","volume":"12","author":"Molaei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8065","DOI":"10.1021\/ac401880h","article-title":"Carbon quantum dot-functionalized aerogels for NO2 gas sensing","volume":"85","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, Z., Zhang, L., Wang, X., He, D., Suo, H., and Zhao, C. (2020). Fabrication of ZnO\/Carbon quantum dots composite sensor for detecting NO gas. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20174961"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.materresbull.2019.02.033","article-title":"Ag-LaFeO3\/NCQDs p-n heterojunctions for superior methanol gas sensing performance","volume":"115","author":"Rong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2011.09.014","article-title":"Gas sensing properties of multiwall carbon nanotubes decorated with rhodium nanoparticles","volume":"160","author":"Leghrib","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2020.154196","article-title":"Ru-decorated WO3 nanosheets for efficient xylene gas sensing application","volume":"826","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1039\/b9nr00015a","article-title":"Nanostructured pt decorated graphene and multi walled carbon nanotube based room temperature hydrogen gas sensor","volume":"1","author":"Kaniyoor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.130830","article-title":"A high-performance room temperature benzene gas sensor based on CoTiO3 covered TiO2 nanospheres decorated with pd nanoparticles","volume":"350","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TA08743B","article-title":"High-performance gas sensor array for indoor air quality monitoring: The role of au nanoparticles on WO3, SnO2, and NiO-based gas sensors","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1039\/D0QI01144D","article-title":"Self-template-derived ZnCo2O4 porous microspheres decorated by ag nanoparticles and their selective detection of formaldehyde","volume":"8","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem. Front."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24519","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA05439A","article-title":"A room temperature operated ammonia gas sensor based on ag-decorated TiO2 quantum dot clusters","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12602","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.3002967","article-title":"Room temperature zno and au-zno quantum dots thin film gas sensor fabrication for detecting of volatile organic compound gases","volume":"20","author":"Dey","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135502","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab5cd3","article-title":"Ruthenium-decorated tungsten disulfide quantum dots for a CO2 gas sensor","volume":"31","author":"Rathi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115504","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/aaa79d","article-title":"Pt decorated MoS2 nanoflakes for ultrasensitive resistive humidity sensor","volume":"29","author":"Burman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, J., Xue, W., Jin, G., Zhai, Z., Lv, J., Hong, W., and Chen, Y. (2019). Preparation of tin oxide quantum dots in aqueous solution and applications in semiconductor gas sensors. Nanomaterials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9020240"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/12\/4369\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:26:49Z","timestamp":1760138809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/12\/4369"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]},"references-count":144,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s22124369"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22124369","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]}}}