{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T15:12:51Z","timestamp":1778857971100,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS), the Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE), Malaysia","award":["FRGS\/1\/2020\/TK0\/UM\/01\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2020\/TK0\/UM\/01\/2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Establishing a wireless communication network (WCN) is critical to saving people\u2019s lives during disasters. Since the user equipment (UE) must transfer their information to the functioning area, their batteries will be significantly drained. Thus, technologies that can compensate for battery power consumption, such as the energy harvesting (EH) strategy, are highly required. This paper proposes a framework that employs EH at the main cluster head (MCH) selected by the enhanced clustering technique (CFT) and simultaneously transmits information and power wirelessly to prolong the lifetime of the energy-constrained network. MCH harvests energy from the radio frequency signal via the relay station (RS) and uses the harvested energy for D2D communications. The suggested framework was evaluated by analyzing the EH outage probability and estimating the energy efficiency performance, which is expected to improve the stability of the network. Compared to the UAV scenario, the simulation findings show that when RS is in its optimal location, it enhances the network EH outage probability performance by 26.3%. Finally, integrating CFT with wireless communications links into cellular networks is an effective technique for maintaining communication services for mission-critical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22124385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T02:01:44Z","timestamp":1655085704000},"page":"4385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Employing an Energy Harvesting Strategy to Enhance the Performance of a Wireless Emergency Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6876-5929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Elshrkasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0186-3890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaharudin","family":"Dimyati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0220-7825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khairol Amali Bin","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sg Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1501-3889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezmin","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"},{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70397","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2879760","article-title":"Survey of Public Safety Communications: User-Side and Network-Side Solutions and Future Directions","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, K., Nguyen, H.X., Vien, Q.T., and Shah, P. 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