{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:30:10Z","timestamp":1772253010345,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]],"date-time":"2022-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["764902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["764902"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["501\/2-24-1-211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["501\/2-24-1-211"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Applied Computer Science, Lodz University of Technology, Poland","award":["764902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["764902"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Applied Computer Science, Lodz University of Technology, Poland","award":["501\/2-24-1-211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["501\/2-24-1-211"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the current research work, electrical resistance tomography (ERT) was employed for monitoring and visualization of crystallization processes. A first-of-its-kind MATLAB-based interactive GUI application \u201cERT-Vis\u201d is presented. Two case studies involving varied crystallization methods were undertaken. The experiments were designed and performed involving calcium carbonate reactive (precipitative) crystallization for the high conductivity solution-solute media, and the cooling crystallization of sucrose representing the lower conductivity solution\u2013solute combination. The software successfully provided key insights regarding the process in both crystallization systems. It could detect and separate the solid concentration distributions in the low as well as high conductivity solutions using the visual analytics tools provided. The performance and utility of the software were studied using a software evaluation case study involving domain experts. Participant feedback indicated that ERT-Vis software helps by reconstructing images instantaneously, interactively visualizing, and evaluating the output of the crystallization process monitoring data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22124431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T02:01:44Z","timestamp":1655085704000},"page":"4431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Monitoring and Visualization of Crystallization Processes Using Electrical Resistance Tomography: CaCO3 and Sucrose Crystallization Case Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6591-5741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guruprasad","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Computer Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1957-072X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soheil","family":"Aghajanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Yliopistonkatu 34, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1804-6296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuchong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6430-0892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lidia","family":"Jackowska-Strumi\u0142\u0142o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Computer Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}]},{"given":"Tuomas","family":"Koiranen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Yliopistonkatu 34, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9562-5147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morten","family":"Fjeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1109\/MCS.2006.1657878","article-title":"Industrial crystallization process control","volume":"26","author":"Larsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Control Syst."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewis, A., Seckler, M., Kramer, H., and Van Rosmalen, G. 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