{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:48:56Z","timestamp":1760143736789,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2020YFB1807400","61571022","61971022","61801376","HTKJ2019KL504013","61424020305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB1807400","61571022","61971022","61801376","HTKJ2019KL504013","61424020305"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020YFB1807400","61571022","61971022","61801376","HTKJ2019KL504013","61424020305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB1807400","61571022","61971022","61801376","HTKJ2019KL504013","61424020305"]}]},{"name":"Postdoctoral Fellows of \u201cZhuoyue\u201d Program and National Key Laboratory Foundation of China","award":["2020YFB1807400","61571022","61971022","61801376","HTKJ2019KL504013","61424020305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB1807400","61571022","61971022","61801376","HTKJ2019KL504013","61424020305"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A large number of sensors work in the narrow bandpass circumstance. Meanwhile, some of them hold fine details merely along one and two dimensions. In order to efficiently simulate these sensors and devices, the one-step leapfrog hybrid implicit-explicit (HIE) algorithm with the complex envelope (CE) method and absorbing boundary condition is proposed in the narrow bandpass circumstance. To be more precise, absorbing boundary condition is implemented by the higher order convolutional perfectly matched layer (CPML) formulation to further enhance the absorption during the entire simulation. Numerical examples and their experiments are carried out to further illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The results show considerable agreement with the experiment and theory resolution. The relationship between the time step and mesh size can break the Courant\u2013Friedrichs\u2013Levy condition which indicates the physical size\/selection mesh size. Such a condition indicates that the proposed algorithm behaviors are considerably accurate due to the rational choice in discretized mesh. It also shows decrement in simulation duration and memory consumption compared with the other algorithms. In addition, absorption performance can be improved by employing the proposed higher order CPML algorithm during the whole simulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22124445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T02:01:44Z","timestamp":1655085704000},"page":"4445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Narrow-Bandpass One-Step Leapfrog Hybrid Implicit-Explicit Algorithm with Convolutional Boundary Condition for Its Applications in Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yangjing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Microwave Sensing and Security Applications, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Institute of Beihang University, Shenzhen 518000, China"},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Institute of Space Radio Technology, Xi\u2019an 710100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8345-1776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongjun","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Microwave Sensing and Security Applications, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Institute of Beihang University, Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2863-9482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haolin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9311-8045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peiyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Microwave Sensing and Security Applications, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Institute of Beihang University, Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savelyev, D., and Kazanskiy, N. 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