{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T17:23:12Z","timestamp":1779902592860,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"GRRC program of Gyeonggi province","award":["GRRC-Gachon2020(B01)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRRC-Gachon2020(B01)"]}]},{"name":"GRRC program of Gyeonggi province","award":["FRD2019-11-02(3)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRD2019-11-02(3)"]}]},{"name":"GRRC program of Gyeonggi province","award":["IITP-2021-2017-0-01630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2021-2017-0-01630"]}]},{"name":"Gachon Gil Medical Center","award":["GRRC-Gachon2020(B01)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRRC-Gachon2020(B01)"]}]},{"name":"Gachon Gil Medical Center","award":["FRD2019-11-02(3)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRD2019-11-02(3)"]}]},{"name":"Gachon Gil Medical Center","award":["IITP-2021-2017-0-01630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2021-2017-0-01630"]}]},{"name":"MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT), Korea","award":["GRRC-Gachon2020(B01)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRRC-Gachon2020(B01)"]}]},{"name":"MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT), Korea","award":["FRD2019-11-02(3)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRD2019-11-02(3)"]}]},{"name":"MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT), Korea","award":["IITP-2021-2017-0-01630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2021-2017-0-01630"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes a development of automatic rib sequence labeling systems on chest computed tomography (CT) images with two suggested methods and three-dimensional (3D) region growing. In clinical practice, radiologists usually define anatomical terms of location depending on the rib\u2019s number. Thus, with the manual process of labeling 12 pairs of ribs and counting their sequence, it is necessary to refer to the annotations every time the radiologists read chest CT. However, the process is tedious, repetitive, and time-consuming as the demand for chest CT-based medical readings has increased. To handle the task efficiently, we proposed an automatic rib sequence labeling system and implemented comparison analysis on two methods. With 50 collected chest CT images, we implemented intensity-based image processing (IIP) and a convolutional neural network (CNN) for rib segmentation on this system. Additionally, three-dimensional (3D) region growing was used to classify each rib\u2019s label and put in a sequence label. The IIP-based method reported a 92.0% and the CNN-based method reported a 98.0% success rate, which is the rate of labeling appropriate rib sequences over whole pairs (1st to 12th) for all slices. We hope for the applicability thereof in clinical diagnostic environments by this method-efficient automatic rib sequence labeling system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22124530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T03:01:22Z","timestamp":1655348482000},"page":"4530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Development of an Automatic Rib Sequence Labeling System on Axial Computed Tomography Images with 3-Dimensional Region Growing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4930-3913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu Jin","family":"Seol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, 191, Hambangmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology, Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Jae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 38-13 Docjeom-ro 3 Beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7574-4165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Taek","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIRA Research Institute, Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA), Wonju-si 26465, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology, Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9714-6038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwang Gi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 38-13 Docjeom-ro 3 Beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.182.2.1820301","article-title":"Update on the diagnostic radiologist shortage","volume":"182","author":"Sunshine","year":"2004","journal-title":"AJR Am. 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