{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T01:31:48Z","timestamp":1784251908601,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1934209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1934209"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-Special-04-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-Special-04-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research and Development Program Project of China railway group limited","award":["U1934209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1934209"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research and Development Program Project of China railway group limited","award":["2021-Special-04-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-Special-04-2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the coupling impacts of solar radiation, wind, air temperature and other environmental parameters, the temperature field of steel structures is significantly non-uniform during their construction and service stages. Corrugated web steel beams have gained popularity in structural engineering during the last few decades, while their thermal actions are barely investigated. In this paper, both experimental and numerical investigations were conducted to reveal the non-uniform features and time variation of the corrugated web steel beams under various environmental conditions. The heat-transfer simulation model was established and verified using the experimental temperature data. Both the experiment and simulation results demonstrate that the steel beam has a complicated and non-uniform temperature field. Moreover, 2-year continuous numerical simulations of steel beams\u2019 thermal actions regarding eight different cities were carried out to investigate the long-term temperature variations. Finally, based on the long-term simulation results and extreme value analysis (EVA), the representative values of steel beams\u2019 daily temperature difference with a 50-year return period were determined. The extreme temperature difference of the steel beam in Harbin reached up to 46.9 \u00b0C, while the extreme temperature difference in Haikou was 28.8 \u00b0C. The extreme temperature difference is highly associated with the steel beam\u2019s location and surrounding climate. Ideally, the outcomes will provide some contributions for the structural design regarding the corrugated web steel beam.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22124557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T21:19:26Z","timestamp":1655673566000},"page":"4557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Investigation of Temperature Variations and Extreme Temperature Differences for the Corrugated Web Steel Beams under Solar Radiation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Shiji","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenzhi","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Rail Transit Engineering Structures, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7802-6671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunfeng","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Rail Transit Engineering Structures, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2746-182X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuhui","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Construction Technology, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Rail Transit Engineering Structures, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tieming","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2017.10.018","article-title":"Experimental and numerical investigation on the non-uniform temperature distribution of thin-walled steel members under solar radiation","volume":"122","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Struct."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lei, X., Fan, X., Jiang, H., Zhu, K., and Zhan, H. 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