{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T16:34:02Z","timestamp":1784824442927,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: In the last few years, technological developments in the surgical field have been rapid and are continuously evolving. One of the most revolutionizing breakthroughs was the introduction of the IoT concept within surgical practice. Our systematic review aims to summarize the most important studies evaluating the IoT concept within surgical practice, focusing on Telesurgery and surgical Telementoring. (2) Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the current literature, focusing on the Internet of Surgical Things in Telesurgery and Telementoring. Forty-eight (48) studies were included in this review. As secondary research questions, we also included brief overviews of the use of IoT in image-guided surgery, and patient Telemonitoring, by systematically analyzing fourteen (14) and nineteen (19) studies, respectively. (3) Results: Data from 219 patients and 757 healthcare professionals were quantitively analyzed. Study designs were primarily observational or based on model development. Palpable advantages from the IoT incorporation mainly include less surgical hours, accessibility to high quality treatment, and safer and more effective surgical education. Despite the described technological advances, and proposed benefits of the systems presented, there are still identifiable gaps in the literature that need to be further explored in a systematic manner. (4) Conclusions: The use of the IoT concept within the surgery domain is a widely incorporated but less investigated concept. Advantages have become palpable over the past decade, yet further research is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22124577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T21:19:26Z","timestamp":1655673566000},"page":"4577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":147,"title":["A Smarter Health through the Internet of Surgical Things"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7198-2628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesk","family":"Mulita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent Systems Lab, Department of Cultural Technology and Communication, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8398-556X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios-Ioannis","family":"Verras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos-Nikolaos","family":"Anagnostopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent Systems Lab, Department of Cultural Technology and Communication, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7838-9691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Kotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent Systems Lab, Department of Cultural Technology and Communication, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3109\/13645706.2015.1083446","article-title":"A Program of Telementoring in Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery","volume":"25","year":"2016","journal-title":"Minim. Invasive Ther. Allied Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004899","article-title":"Telementoring Demonstration in Craniofacial Surgery With HoloLens, Skype, and Three-Layer Facial Models","volume":"30","author":"Mitsuno","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.2196\/23595","article-title":"Predicting Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Pancreatectomy Using Wearable Technology and Machine Learning: Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"23","author":"Cos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohta, H., Izumi, S., and Yoshimoto, M. (2015, January 25\u201329). A More Acceptable Endoluminal Implantation for Wirelessly Monitoring Vital Signals Using Ingestible Sensors Anchored to the Stomach Wall. Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), Milano, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2015.7319293"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-018-06651-4","article-title":"Innovation in Surgery\/Operating Room Driven by Internet of Things on Medical Devices","volume":"33","author":"Ushimaru","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003991","article-title":"\u2018Internet of Things\u2019 Real-Time Free Flap Monitoring","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2019.00076","article-title":"Connected Health in Hypertension Management","volume":"6","author":"Omboni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2018.2814637","article-title":"Compact Design of a Hydraulic Driving Robot for Intraoperative MRI-Guided Bilateral Stereotactic Neurosurgery","volume":"3","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Autom. Lett."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2013.0164","article-title":"Role of Telemedicine Technology in Endocrine Surgery Knowledge Sharing","volume":"20","author":"Agrawal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Telemed. J. E-Health"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-16-00051","article-title":"An Augmented Reality-Based Approach for Surgical Telementoring in Austere Environments","volume":"182","author":"Andersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2012.0406","article-title":"Remote Monitoring and Supervision of Urology Residents Utilizing Integrated Endourology Suites\u2014A Prospective Study of Patients\u2019 Opinions","volume":"27","author":"Anderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Endourol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2015.12.016","article-title":"Medical Telementoring Using an Augmented Reality Transparent Display","volume":"159","author":"Andersen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-021-01280-x","article-title":"Surgeon Satisfaction and Outcomes of Tele-Proctoring for Robotic Gynecologic Surgery","volume":"16","author":"Artsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Robot. Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2040","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.2040","article-title":"A Robotic System for Telementoring and Training in Laparoscopic Surgery","volume":"16","author":"Prince","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Robot."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluating the Ability of Students to Learn and Utilize a Novel Telepresence Platform, Proximie","volume":"2021","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Robot. Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2019.11.008","article-title":"The System for Telementoring with Augmented Reality (STAR): A Head-Mounted Display to Improve Surgical Coaching and Confidence in Remote Areas","volume":"167","author":"Cabrera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002764","article-title":"Surgical Telementoring without Encumbrance: A Comparative Study of See-through Augmented Reality-Based Approaches","volume":"270","author":"Cabrera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usz234","article-title":"Telementoring in Leg Fasciotomies via Mixed-Reality: Clinical Evaluation of the STAR Platform","volume":"185","author":"Cabrera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-020-0284-9","article-title":"Evaluation of an Augmented Reality Platform for Austere Surgical Telementoring: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Study in Cricothyroidotomies","volume":"3","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Digit. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"7959","article-title":"Impact of Remote Monitoring and Supervision on Resident Training Using New ACGME Milestone Criteria","volume":"22","author":"Safir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can. J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-009-0674-1","article-title":"Mentoring and Telementoring Leads to Effective Incorporation of Laparoscopic Colon Surgery","volume":"24","author":"Schlachta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"83","article-title":"A Pilot Study of Surgical Telementoring for Leg Fasciotomy","volume":"164","author":"Talbot","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Mil. Health"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2021.01.085","article-title":"Telementoring of In-Home Real-Time Laparoscopy Using Whatsapp Messenger: An Innovative Teaching Tool during the COVID-19 Pandemic. A Cohort Study","volume":"62","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/SIH.0000000000000334","article-title":"Augmented Reality Future Step Visualization for Robust Surgical Telementoring","volume":"14","author":"Andersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Simul. Healthc."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.01.016","article-title":"Telementored Damage-Control and Emergency Trauma Surgery: A Feasibility Study Using Live-Tissue Models","volume":"215","author":"Dawe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aorn.2009.03.020","article-title":"Telesurgery: Providing Remote Surgical Observations for Students","volume":"90","author":"DeKastle","year":"2009","journal-title":"AORN J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002921","article-title":"Remote Surgeon Virtual Presence: A Novel Telementoring Method for Live Surgical Training","volume":"41","author":"Din","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.01.010","article-title":"Novel Telementoring System for Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Impact on the Learning Curve","volume":"83","author":"Hinata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3650","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-020-07609-1","article-title":"Educational Value of Telementoring for a Simulation-Based Fundamental Use of Surgical EnergyTM (FUSE) Curriculum: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Surgical Trainees","volume":"34","author":"Altieri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-5104-6","article-title":"Rural Surgeons Would Embrace Surgical Telementoring for Help with Difficult Cases and Acquisition of New Skills","volume":"31","author":"Glenn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-011-0304-5","article-title":"Web-Connected Surgery: Using the Internet for Teaching and Proctoring of Live Robotic Surgeries","volume":"6","author":"Lenihan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Robot. Surg."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"25","article-title":"Web-Based Video Assessments of Operative Performance for Remote Telementoring","volume":"25","author":"Moore","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg. Technol. Int."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.23736\/S0026-4970.20.04274-0","article-title":"Maxillofacial Surgery 5.0: A New Paradigm in Telemedicine for Distance Surgery, Remote Assistance, and Webinars","volume":"69","author":"Tel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Minerva Stomatol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12985","article-title":"A Novel Interface for the Telementoring of Robotic Surgery","volume":"116","author":"Shin","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2018.0138","article-title":"Transoceanic Telementoring of Tube Thoracostomy Insertion: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Telementored Versus Unmentored Insertion of Tube Thoracostomy by Military Medical Technicians","volume":"25","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Telemed. E-Health"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-020-02538-5","article-title":"A Wearable Augmented Reality Navigation System for Surgical Telementoring Based on Microsoft HoloLens","volume":"49","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11364","article-title":"5G-Assisted Telementored Surgery","volume":"106","author":"Lacy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2018.0173","article-title":"Rubrum Coelis: The Contribution of Real-Time Telementoring in Acute Trauma Scenarios-A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"25","author":"Netzer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Telemed. E-Health"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-021-08470-6","article-title":"At-Home Hands-on Surgical Training during COVID19: Proof of Concept Using a Virtual Telementoring Platform","volume":"35","author":"Greenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2014.0191","article-title":"Safe Introduction of Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery Even in Remote Areas of the World: The Value of a Comprehensive Telementoring Training Program","volume":"25","author":"Forgione","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Laparoendosc. Adv. Surg. Tech."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e377","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znab317","article-title":"Improved Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Telesurgery: Feasibility of Network Converged Communication","volume":"108","author":"Chu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000623","article-title":"An Experimental Feasibility Study on Robotic Endonasal Telesurgery","volume":"76","author":"Wirz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5172","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-020-07823-x","article-title":"5G Ultra-Remote Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery in China","volume":"34","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"195","article-title":"Lapabot: A Compact Telesurgical Robot System for Minimally Invasive Surgery: Part II. Telesurgery Evaluation. Minim. Invasive Ther","volume":"21","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Allied Technol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-0418","article-title":"Operating From a Distance: Robotic Vocal Cord 5G Telesurgery on a Cadaver","volume":"173","author":"Acemoglu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.14245\/ns.1938454.227","article-title":"Telerobotic Spinal Surgery Based on 5G Network: The First 12 Cases","volume":"17","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurospine"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-021-02384-5","article-title":"Social Implementation of a Remote Surgery System in Japan: A Field Experiment Using a Newly Developed Surgical Robot via a Commercial Network","volume":"52","author":"Morohashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surg. Today"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2019.07.018","article-title":"Telemedicine and telementoring in the surgical specialties: A narrative review","volume":"218","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-020-01149-5","article-title":"Using conditional generative adversarial networks to reduce the effects of latency in robotic telesurgery","volume":"11","author":"Sachdeva","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Robot. Surg."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2305","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.2305","article-title":"Towards Development of a Telementoring Framework for Minimally Invasive Surgeries","volume":"17","author":"Shabir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Robot."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-017-5721-8","article-title":"Sleeve gastrectomy telementoring: A SAGES multi-institutional quality improvement initiative","volume":"32","author":"Nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25753","article-title":"Surgical telementoring: A new model for surgical training","volume":"126","author":"Snyderman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000829","article-title":"The marriage of surgical simulation and telementoring for damage-control surgical training of operational first responders: A pilot study","volume":"79","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2014.2367233","article-title":"Robotic System for MRI-Guided Stereotactic Neurosurgery","volume":"62","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opab188","article-title":"Early Experience with Virtual and Synchronized Augmented Reality Platform for Preoperative Planning and Intraoperative Navigation: A Case Series","volume":"21","author":"Louis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oper. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.5.FOCUS20735","article-title":"Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display\u2013Based Incision Planning in Cranial Neurosurgery: A Prospective Pilot Study","volume":"51","author":"Ivan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-015-1259-1","article-title":"A Method for the Assessment of Time-Varying Brain Shift during Navigated Epilepsy Surgery","volume":"11","author":"Ferrigno","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-020-02066-x","article-title":"Augmented Reality-Guided Periacetabular Osteotomy\u2014Proof of Concept","volume":"15","author":"Kiarostami","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-27857-5_32","article-title":"NEURONAV: A Tool for Image-Guided Surgery\u2014Application to Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"Volume 9474","author":"Padilla","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Symposium on Visual Computing"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.11.084","article-title":"The Trans-Visible Navigator: A See-Through Neuronavigation System Using Augmented Reality","volume":"87","author":"Watanabe","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1836","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.1836","article-title":"Technical Feasibility and Safety of Image-Guided Parieto-Occipital Ventricular Catheter Placement with the Assistance of a Wearable Head-up Display","volume":"13","author":"Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Robot. Comput. Assist. Surg."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.6.JNS152953","article-title":"Intraoperative Image Updating for Brain Shift Following Dural Opening","volume":"126","author":"Fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.09.091","article-title":"A Smartphone App to Assist Scalp Localization of Superficial Supratentorial Lesions--Technical Note","volume":"85","author":"Eftekhar","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, L., Wang, M., and Song, Z. (2013, January 20\u201322). A Convenient Method of Video See-through Augmented Reality Based on Image-Guided Surgery System. Proceedings of the 2013 Seventh International Conference on Internet Computing for Engineering and Science, Shanghai, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICSE.2013.27"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10996","DOI":"10.2196\/10996","article-title":"Implementation of an Enhanced Recovery Pathway for Minimally Invasive Pectus Surgery: A Population-Based Cohort Study Evaluating Short- and Long-Term Outcomes Using E-Health Technology","volume":"1","author":"Wildemeersch","year":"2018","journal-title":"JMIR Perioper. Med."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-017-0735-2","article-title":"An Intelligent Remote Monitoring System for Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients","volume":"41","author":"Msayib","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Syst."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2015.01.380","article-title":"Internet-Based Telemonitoring System of Daily Home Spirometry in Lung Transplant Recipients","volume":"34","author":"Peysson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgo.2020.08.008","article-title":"Perioperative Telemonitoring of Older Adults with Cancer: Can We Connect Them All?","volume":"11","author":"Jonker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18739","DOI":"10.2196\/18739","article-title":"Satisfaction and Acceptability of Telemonitored Home-Based Exercise in Patients with Intermittent Claudication: Pragmatic Observational Pilot Study","volume":"8","author":"Cornelis","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Rehabil. Assist. Technol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2017.0133","article-title":"Presurgical Assessment Using Telemedicine Technology: Impact on Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Patient Experience of Care","volume":"25","author":"Rising","year":"2019","journal-title":"Telemed. E-Health"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3109\/13645706.2013.779282","article-title":"Internet of Things and Bariatric Surgery Follow-up: Comparative Study of Standard and IoT Follow-Up","volume":"22","author":"Vilallonga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Minim. Invasive Ther. Allied Technol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, M., Yuan, R., Sun, Z., Li, T., and Xie, Q. (2016, January 18). A web-based computer aided system for liver surgery planning: Initial implementation on RayPlus. Proceedings of the Medical Imaging 2016: Image-Guided Procedures, Robotic Interventions, and Modeling, San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2217407"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3991\/ijoe.v16i10.15553","article-title":"Internet of Things for Surgery Process Using Raspberry Pi","volume":"16","author":"Yanni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Online Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caggianese, G., Calabrese, M., Gallo, L., Sannino, G., and Vecchione, C. (2017, January 4\u20137). Cardiac surgery rehabilitation system (CSRS) for a personalized support to patients. Proceedings of the International IEEE Conference on Signal-Image Technologies and Internet-Based System, Jaipur, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/SITIS.2017.24"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00145","article-title":"From Patient-Controlled Analgesia to Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Patient-Controlled Analgesia: Practices and Perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15548","DOI":"10.2196\/15548","article-title":"Postoperative Remote Automated Monitoring and Virtual Hospital-to-Home Care System Following Cardiac and Major Vascular Surgery: User Testing Study","volume":"22","author":"McGillion","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28320","DOI":"10.2196\/28320","article-title":"Implementing mHealth-Enabled Integrated Care for Complex Chronic Patients With Osteoarthritis Undergoing Primary Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: Prospective, Two-Arm, Parallel Trial","volume":"23","author":"Colomina","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1007\/s41666-020-00072-6","article-title":"Modelling Patient Behaviour Using IoT Sensor Data: A Case Study to Evaluate Techniques for Modelling Domestic Behaviour in Recovery from Total Hip Replacement Surgery","volume":"4","author":"Holmes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Healthc. Inform. Res."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7065910","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7065910","article-title":"Medical Monitoring and Management System of Mobile Thyroid Surgery Based on Internet of Things and Cloud Computing","volume":"2021","author":"Kong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7470","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.7470","article-title":"Improving Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients With an Ostomy Using a Novel Digital Wearable Device: Protocol for a Pilot Study","volume":"7","author":"Rouholiman","year":"2018","journal-title":"JMIR Res. Protoc."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/12\/4577\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:33:45Z","timestamp":1760139225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/12\/4577"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s22124577"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22124577","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]}}}