{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T12:32:02Z","timestamp":1781958722506,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Automotive Industry Science and Technology Development Foundation","award":["1806"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1806"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Automotive Industry Science and Technology Development Foundation","award":["TPD-TC202110-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TPD-TC202110-14"]}]},{"name":"Perspective Study Funding of Nanchang Automotive Institute of Intelligence and New Energy, Tongji University","award":["1806"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1806"]}]},{"name":"Perspective Study Funding of Nanchang Automotive Institute of Intelligence and New Energy, Tongji University","award":["TPD-TC202110-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TPD-TC202110-14"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Advances in automotive technology require networks to support a variety of communication requirements, such as reliability, real-time performance, low jitter, and strict delay limits. Time-Sensitive Network (TSN) is a keyframe transmission delay-guaranteed solution based on the IEEE 802 architecture of the automotive Ethernet. However, most of the existing studies on automotive TSN performance are based on a single mechanism, lacking a complete and systematic research tool. At the same time, the design method should be considered from a global perspective when designing an automotive TSN system, rather than only considering a single mechanism that TSN applies to. This paper discusses the correspondence between traffic types and automotive scenarios and proposes a methodology to target the delay constraint of traffic types as the design goal of automotive TSN networks. To study the performance of automotive TSN under different mechanisms such as time-aware shaper (TAS), credit-based shaper (CBS), cyclic queuing and forwarding (CQF), etc., this paper also develops a systematic automotive TSN simulation system based on OMNeT++. The simulation system plays a crucial role in the whole methodology, including all applicable TSN standards for the automotive field. Lastly, a complex automotive scenario based on zonal architecture provided by a major motor company in Shanghai is analyzed in the simulated system; verifying TSN can guarantee real-time performance and reliability of the in-vehicle network.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22124580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T21:19:26Z","timestamp":1655673566000},"page":"4580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Design Methodology of Automotive Time-Sensitive Network System Based on OMNeT++ Simulation System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Feng","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8723-1105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bowen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihao","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanchang Automotive Institute of Intelligence and New Energy, Tongji University (NAIT), Nanchang 330052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanchang Automotive Institute of Intelligence and New Energy, Tongji University (NAIT), Nanchang 330052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hank, P., Suermann, T., and M\u00fcller, S. 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