{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:39:28Z","timestamp":1777628368352,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"THALES Australia","award":["RE-02544-0200315666"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RE-02544-0200315666"]}]},{"name":"THALES Australia","award":["RE-03163-0200317164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RE-03163-0200317164"]}]},{"name":"Northrop Grumman Corporation","award":["RE-02544-0200315666"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RE-02544-0200315666"]}]},{"name":"Northrop Grumman Corporation","award":["RE-03163-0200317164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RE-03163-0200317164"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Emerging Air Traffic Management (ATM) and avionics human\u2013machine system concepts require the real-time monitoring of the human operator to support novel task assessment and system adaptation features. To realise these advanced concepts, it is essential to resort to a suite of sensors recording neurophysiological data reliably and accurately. This article presents the experimental verification and performance characterisation of a cardiorespiratory sensor for ATM and avionics applications. In particular, the processed physiological measurements from the designated commercial device are verified against clinical-grade equipment. Compared to other studies which only addressed physical workload, this characterisation was performed also looking at cognitive workload, which poses certain additional challenges to cardiorespiratory monitors. The article also addresses the quantification of uncertainty in the cognitive state estimation process as a function of the uncertainty in the input cardiorespiratory measurements. The results of the sensor verification and of the uncertainty propagation corroborate the basic suitability of the commercial cardiorespiratory sensor for the intended aerospace application but highlight the relatively poor performance in respiratory measurements during a purely mental activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22134673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T04:12:01Z","timestamp":1655871121000},"page":"4673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Wearable Cardiorespiratory Sensors for Aerospace Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Nichakorn","family":"Pongsakornsathien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4995-4166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Gardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7840-1571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yixiang","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saab-NTU Joint Lab, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3399-2291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Sabatini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2110-7021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trevor","family":"Kistan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia"},{"name":"THALES Australia\u2014Airspace Mobility Solutions, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Jeannot, E., Kelly, C., and Thompson, D. 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