{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T16:27:47Z","timestamp":1772814467079,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011698","name":"Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM, Spain)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SBPLY-17-180501-000445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SBPLY-17-180501-000445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011698","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article discusses the use of a handheld electronic nose to obtain information on the presence of some aromatic defects in natural cork stoppers, such as haloanisoles, alkylmethoxypyrazines, and ketones. Typical concentrations of these compounds (from 5 to 120 ng in the cork samples) have been measured. Two electronic nose prototypes have been developed as an instrumentation system comprise of eight commercial gas sensors to perform two sets of experiments. In the first experiment, a quantitative approach was used whist in the second experiment a qualitative one was used. Machine learning algorithms such as k-nearest neighbors and artificial neural networks have been used in order to test the performance of the system to detect cork defects. The use of this system tries to improve the current aromatic defect detection process in the cork stopper industry, which is done by gas chromatography or human test panels. We found this electronic nose to have near 100 % accuracy in the detection of these defects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22134687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T04:12:01Z","timestamp":1655871121000},"page":"4687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Rapid and Non-Destructive Analysis of Corky Off-Flavors in Natural Cork Stoppers by a Wireless and Portable Electronic Nose"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4181-5148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Pedro","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnolog\u00edas F\u00edsicas y de la Informaci\u00f3n (ITEFI), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Serrano 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5917-9469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Sayago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnolog\u00edas F\u00edsicas y de la Informaci\u00f3n (ITEFI), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Serrano 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Sanjurjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnolog\u00edas F\u00edsicas y de la Informaci\u00f3n (ITEFI), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Serrano 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4929-5327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Soledad","family":"Perez-Coello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Technology, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnolog\u00edas Qu\u00edmicas, Instituto Regional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1219-0927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Consuelo","family":"D\u00edaz-Maroto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Technology, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnolog\u00edas Qu\u00edmicas, Instituto Regional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0238.2005.tb00290.x","article-title":"Compounds causing cork taint and the factors affecting their transfer from natural cork closures to wine\u2014A review","volume":"11","author":"Sefton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aust. 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