{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:42:02Z","timestamp":1760229722386,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52175530","51975077","51675068","61875023","cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0948","cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52175530","51975077","51675068","61875023","cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0948","cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0036"]}]},{"name":"General projects of Chongqing Natural Science Foundation","award":["52175530","51975077","51675068","61875023","cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0948","cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52175530","51975077","51675068","61875023","cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0948","cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0036"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To improve the precision of dynamic distance measurement based on the frequency-swept interferometry (FSI) system, a Doppler-induced error compensation model based on a scheme increasing the frequency sweeping rate is proposed. A distance demodulation method based on a Fourier transformation is investigated when the defined quasi-stationary coefficient approaches a constant. Simulations and experiments based on dynamic distance with a sinusoidal change demonstrate that the proposed method has a standard deviation of 0.09 \u03bcm within a distance range of 4 \u03bcm at a sweeping rate of 60 KHz.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22134771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T22:50:23Z","timestamp":1656283823000},"page":"4771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dynamic Distance Measurement Based on a Fast Frequency-Swept Interferometry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1508-3593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuru","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}]},{"given":"Xianming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"045307","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/19\/4\/045307","article-title":"An absolute distance interferometer with two external cavity diode lasers","volume":"19","author":"Hartmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6997","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.39.006997","article-title":"Frequency-scanning interferometry for dynamic absolute distance measurement using Kalman filter","volume":"39","author":"Tao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, F., Li, Y., Pan, H., Shi, C., and Qu, X. (2019). Vibration Compensation of the Frequency-Scanning-Interferometry-Based Absolute Ranging System. Appl. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/app9010147"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1117\/1.1332772","article-title":"Distance measurement of moving objects by frequency modulated laser radar","volume":"40","author":"Schneider","year":"2001","journal-title":"Opt. Eng."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24869","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.22.024869","article-title":"Multi-channel absolute distance measurement system with sub ppm-accuracy and 20 m range using frequency scanning interferometry and gas absorption cells","volume":"22","author":"Dale","year":"2014","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Warden, M.S. (2011). Absolute Distance Metrology Using Frequency Swept Lasers. [Ph.D. Thesis, Oxford University]."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"084003","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/26\/8\/084003","article-title":"Spectroscopicallyin situtraceable heterodyne frequency-scanning interferometry for distances up to 50\u2009m","volume":"26","author":"Prellinger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.43.002098","article-title":"FSI-based non-cooperative target absolute distance measurement method using PLL correction for the influence of a nonlinear clock","volume":"43","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2020.3023006","article-title":"Dynamic Clearance Measurement Using Fiber-Optic Frequency-Swept and Frequency-Fixed Interferometry","volume":"32","author":"Shao","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.30.002242","article-title":"Correcting movement errors in frequency-sweeping interferometry","volume":"30","author":"Swinkels","year":"2005","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25782","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.25.025782","article-title":"Frequency-scanning interferometry using a time-varying Kalman filter for dynamic tracking measurements","volume":"25","author":"Jia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6518","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.51.006518","article-title":"Understanding the effects of Doppler phenomena in white light Fabry\u2013Perot interferometers for simultaneous position and velocity measurement","volume":"51","author":"Moro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1088\/0143-0807\/26\/4\/009","article-title":"The Doppler effect from a uniformly moving mirror","volume":"26","author":"Gjurchinovski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phys."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"036114","DOI":"10.1117\/1.OE.56.3.036114","article-title":"Accuracy enhanced distance measurement system using double-sideband modulated frequency scanning","volume":"56","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Opt. Eng."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5822","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.385357","article-title":"Precision improvement in frequency scanning interferometry based on suppression of the magnification effect","volume":"28","author":"Shang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1007\/s10043-012-0061-3","article-title":"Frequency Scanning Interferometry Immune to Length Drift Using a Pair of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Diodes","volume":"9","author":"Kakuma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. Rev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2018.08.013","article-title":"Dynamic absolute distance measurement by frequency sweeping interferometry based Doppler beat frequency tracking model","volume":"430","author":"Jia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt. Commun."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21929","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.27.021929","article-title":"Dynamic cascade-model-based frequency-scanning interferometry for real-time and rapid absolute optical ranging","volume":"27","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt. Express"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/13\/4771\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:39:16Z","timestamp":1760139556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/13\/4771"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s22134771"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22134771","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]}}}