{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:30:49Z","timestamp":1772253049789,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The design and usage of the addressed combined fiber-optic sensors (ACFOSs) and the multisensory control systems of the greenhouse gas concentration on their basis are investigated herein. The main development trend of the combined fiber-optic sensors (CFOSs), which consists of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and the Fabry\u2013Perot resonator (FPR), which are successively formed at the optical fiber end, is highlighted. The use of the addressed fiber Bragg structures (AFBSs) instead of the FBG in the CFOSs not only leads to the significant cheapening of the sensor system due to microwave photonics interrogating methods, but also increasing its metrological characteristics. The structural scheme of the multisensory gas concentration monitoring system is suggested. The suggested scheme allows detecting four types of greenhouse gases (CO2, NO2, CH4 and Ox) depending on the material and thickness of the polymer film, which is the FPR sensitive element. The usage of the Karhunen\u2013Lo\u00e8ve transform (KLT), which allows separating each component contribution to the reflected spectrum according to its efficiency, is proposed. In the future, this allows determining the gas concentration at the AFBS address frequencies. The estimations show that the ACFOS design in the multisensory system allows measuring the environment temperature in the range of \u221260\u2026+300 \u00b0C with an accuracy of 0.1\u20130.01 \u00b0C, and the gas concentration in the range of 10\u202690% with an accuracy of 0.1\u20130.5%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22134827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T22:50:23Z","timestamp":1656283823000},"page":"4827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Addressed Combined Fiber-Optic Sensors as Key Element of Multisensor Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4779-4656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oleg","family":"Morozov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiophotonics and Microwave Technologies, Kazan National Research Technical University Named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 10 K. Marx St., Kazan 420111, Russia"}]},{"given":"Yulia","family":"Tunakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Chemistry and Ecology, Kazan National Research Technical University Named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 10 K. Marx St., Kazan 420111, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6022-0548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Safaa M. R. H.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Kerbala, Freiha St., Kerbala 56001, Iraq"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3837-6110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Shagidullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Problems of Ecology and Mineral Wealth Use of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 28 Daurskaya St., Kazan 420087, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1043-7487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timur","family":"Agliullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiophotonics and Microwave Technologies, Kazan National Research Technical University Named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 10 K. Marx St., Kazan 420111, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0276-0874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artem","family":"Kuznetsov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiophotonics and Microwave Technologies, Kazan National Research Technical University Named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 10 K. Marx St., Kazan 420111, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1643-4183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bulat","family":"Valeev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiophotonics and Microwave Technologies, Kazan National Research Technical University Named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 10 K. Marx St., Kazan 420111, Russia"}]},{"given":"Konstantin","family":"Lipatnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiophotonics and Microwave Technologies, Kazan National Research Technical University Named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 10 K. Marx St., Kazan 420111, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0015-2429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Anfinogentov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiophotonics and Microwave Technologies, Kazan National Research Technical University Named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 10 K. Marx St., Kazan 420111, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0713-7806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Airat","family":"Sakhabutdinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiophotonics and Microwave Technologies, Kazan National Research Technical University Named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 10 K. Marx St., Kazan 420111, Russia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Dual Fabry\u2013P\u00e9rot Interferometric Carbon Monoxide Sensor Based on the PANI\/Co3O4 Sensitive Membrane-Coated Fibre Tip","volume":"74","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Z. Nat. A"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yofte.2013.08.004","article-title":"Gas Detection with Micro- and Nano-Engineered Optical Fibers","volume":"19","author":"Jin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Opt. Fiber Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5356","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2009.2030776","article-title":"Multipoint Chemical Gas Sensing Using Frequency-Shifted Interferometry","volume":"27","author":"Ye","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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