{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T09:41:14Z","timestamp":1769506874110,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LY20E050009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LY20E050009"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LQ21E050013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ21E050013"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021C01181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021C01181"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Project of China","award":["LY20E050009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LY20E050009"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Project of China","award":["LQ21E050013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ21E050013"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Project of China","award":["2021C01181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021C01181"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Air velocity of coal mine ventilation is an important consideration that may cause serious damage. This paper proposes a simple, low cost and effective air velocity monitor (AVM) for coal mine ventilation. The AVM uses the lock-in characteristic of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) to sense the air velocity. Amplitude of the VIV is converted into frequency signal of a vortex-induced triboelectric nanogenerator (VI-TENG) to improve the durability. Structure of the AVM are designed, and parameters of the AVM are optimized with experiments. For the upper and lower air velocity thresholds of 3.1 and 3.6 m\/s, the optimized flexible beam length, slider weight, electrode space and electrode width are 42.5 mm, 0.4 g, 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm, respectively. Experiments also show that the output frequency of the VI-TENG could represent the amplitude of VIV well with the correlation coefficient of 0.93. Durability test demonstrates that the AVM generates stable output frequency in 120,000 cycles. A prototype and its controller are fabricated. Wind tunnel tests of this prototype show that it can give alarm when the gas velocity goes above the upper threshold or below the lower threshold. The proposed AVM could be a good solution for simple and effective coal mine ventilation alarm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22134832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T22:50:23Z","timestamp":1656283823000},"page":"4832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["An Air Velocity Monitor for Coal Mine Ventilation Based on Vortex-Induced Triboelectric Nanogenerator"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Guocheng","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Precision Machinery and Smart Structure, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Yinbin Street 688, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7389-8219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jijie","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Precision Machinery and Smart Structure, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Yinbin Street 688, Jinhua 321004, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment for Urban Rail Transit of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Yinbin Street 688, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yili","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Precision Machinery and Smart Structure, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Yinbin Street 688, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Precision Machinery and Smart Structure, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Yinbin Street 688, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0335-7614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tinghai","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4630-0194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianming","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Precision Machinery and Smart Structure, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Yinbin Street 688, Jinhua 321004, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment for Urban Rail Transit of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Yinbin Street 688, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.18520\/cs\/v112\/i09\/1873-1881","article-title":"Numerical Studies of Ventilation Effect on Methane Layering Behaviour in Underground Coal Mines","volume":"112","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. 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