{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T14:26:05Z","timestamp":1776176765215,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper mainly focuses on various types of robots driven or actuated by shape memory alloy (SMA) element in the last decade which has created the potential functionality of SMA in robotics technology, that is classified and discussed. The wide spectrum of increasing use of SMA in the development of robotic systems is due to the increase in the knowledge of handling its functional characteristics such as large actuating force, shape memory effect, and super-elasticity features. These inherent characteristics of SMA can make robotic systems small, flexible, and soft with multi-functions to exhibit different types of moving mechanisms. This article comprehensively investigates three subsections on soft and flexible robots, driving or activating mechanisms, and artificial muscles. Each section provides an insight into literature arranged in chronological order and each piece of literature will be presented with details on its configuration, control, and application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22134860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T00:07:02Z","timestamp":1656374822000},"page":"4860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Control Aspects of Shape Memory Alloys in Robotics Applications: A Review over the Last Decade"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7244-4925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deivamoney Josephine Selvarani","family":"Ruth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Bosch Centre for Cyber Physical Systems, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India"}]},{"given":"Jung-Woo","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Daehak-Ro 61, Gumi-si 39177, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4067-7513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaliaperumal","family":"Dhanalakshmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6262-2815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung-Bok","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, The State University of New York, Korea (SUNY Korea), 119 Songdo Moonhwa-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 21985, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City (IUH), 12 Nguyen Van Bao Street, Go Vap District, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2013.11.084","article-title":"A review of shape memory alloy research, applications and opportunities","volume":"56","author":"Leary","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mater. 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