{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:45:28Z","timestamp":1760229928789,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) i4i programme Project","award":["II-LA-0315-20006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["II-LA-0315-20006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Percutaneous procedures to divert blood flow from one blood vessel to another can be performed with intravascular catheters but demand a method to align a crossing needle from one vessel to another. Fluoroscopic imaging alone is not adequate, and it is preferable to have a sensor on one catheter that detects the correct alignment of an incoming needle. This can be implemented by generating dipole electric fields from the crossing catheter which are detected by a receiving catheter in the target vessel and, thus, can calculate and display the degree of alignment, permitting the operator to rotate the crossing catheter to guarantee alignment when deploying a crossing needle. Catheters were built using this concept and evaluated in vitro. The results show that accurate alignment is achieved, and a successful crossing can be made. The concept is being further developed for further clinical evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22134928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T22:43:28Z","timestamp":1656542608000},"page":"4928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Electric-Field-Based Guidance for Percutaneous Catheter Vessel Crossing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mamadou","family":"Diallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathfinder Medical, London SW11 3TZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Eder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathfinder Medical, London SW11 3TZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Brasier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathfinder Medical, London SW11 3TZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0181-6549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sorin","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathfinder Medical, London SW11 3TZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5999-7015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Dickinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(89)80231-4","article-title":"Recanalisation of femoro-popliteal occlusions: Improving success rate by subintimal recanalization","volume":"40","author":"Bolia","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin. 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