{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T21:27:44Z","timestamp":1783546064577,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brazil (CAPES)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brazil (CAPES)","award":["313685\/2020-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313685\/2020-7"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brazil (CAPES)","award":["313918\/2020-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313918\/2020-1"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brazil (CAPES)","award":["403651\/2020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["403651\/2020-4"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brazil (CAPES)","award":["408127\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["408127\/2018-0"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brazil (CAPES)","award":["452825\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["452825\/2018-0"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brazil (CAPES)","award":["44214\/2021-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["44214\/2021-1"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2014CNPq","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2014CNPq","award":["313685\/2020-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313685\/2020-7"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2014CNPq","award":["313918\/2020-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313918\/2020-1"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2014CNPq","award":["403651\/2020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["403651\/2020-4"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2014CNPq","award":["408127\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["408127\/2018-0"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2014CNPq","award":["452825\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["452825\/2018-0"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2014CNPq","award":["44214\/2021-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["44214\/2021-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) associated with machine learning algorithms (ML) was used to evaluate the Brachiaria seed physiological quality by discriminating the high and low vigor seeds. A 23 factorial design was used to optimize the LIBS experimental parameters for spectral analysis. A total of 120 samples from two distinct cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha seeds exhibiting high vigor (HV) and low vigor (LV) in standard tests were studied. The raw LIBS spectra were normalized and submitted to outlier verification, previously to the reduction data dimensionality from principal component analysis. Supervised machine learning algorithm parameters were chosen by leave-one-out cross-validation in the test samples, and it was tested by external validation using a new set of data. The overall accuracy in external validation achieved 100% for HV and LV discrimination, regardless of the cultivar or the classification algorithm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22145067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T21:15:52Z","timestamp":1657142152000},"page":"5067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Associated with the Design of Experiments and Machine Learning for Discrimination of Brachiaria brizantha Seed Vigor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Cioccia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SISFOTON-UFMS\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio de \u00d3ptica e Fot\u00f4nica, UFMS\u2014Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0100-6925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Pereira de Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Instrumentation, S\u00e3o Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego Victor","family":"Babos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Instrumentation, S\u00e3o Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora Marcondes Bastos Pereira","family":"Milori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Instrumentation, S\u00e3o Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6228-078X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charline Z.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Agronomia, UFMS\u2014Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Chapadao do Sul 79560-000, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8766-6144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00edcero","family":"Cena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SISFOTON-UFMS\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio de \u00d3ptica e Fot\u00f4nica, UFMS\u2014Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0890-0364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Nicolodelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88020-302, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8898-8556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno S.","family":"Marangoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SISFOTON-UFMS\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio de \u00d3ptica e Fot\u00f4nica, UFMS\u2014Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erv490","article-title":"Seed vigour and crop establishment: Extending performance beyond adaptation","volume":"67","author":"Bassel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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