{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T18:45:15Z","timestamp":1785782715134,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Chair of New Emerging Technologies and 5G Networks and Beyond, Computer Engineering Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cache-enabled networks suffer hugely from the challenge of content caching and content delivery. In this regard, cache-enabled device-to-device (D2D) assisted multitier cellular networks are expected to relieve the network data pressure and effectively solve the problem of content placement and content delivery. Consequently, the user can have a better opportunity to get their favored contents from nearby cache-enabled transmitters (CETs) through reliable and good-quality links; however, as expected, designing an effective caching policy is a challenging task due to the limited cache memory of CETs and uncertainty in user preferences. In this article, we introduce a joint content placement and content delivery technique for D2D assisted multitier cellular networks (D2DMCN). A support vector machine (SVM) is employed to predict the content popularity to determine which content is to be cached and where it is to be cached, thereby increasing the overall cache hit ratio (CHR). The content request is satisfied either by the neighboring node through the D2D link or by the cache-enabled base stations (BSs) of the multitier cellular networks (MCNs). Similarly, to solve the problem of optimal content delivery, the Hungarian algorithm is employed aiming to improve the quality of satisfaction. The simulation results indicate that the proposed content placement strategy effectively optimizes the overall cache hit ratio of the system. Similarly, an effective content delivery approach reduces the request content delivery delay and power consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22145078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T21:15:52Z","timestamp":1657142152000},"page":"5078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Proactive Caching in D2D Assisted Multitier Cellular Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Fawad","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Wah 47040, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2253-6004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayaz","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Wah 47040, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9103-1803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irshad","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9781-3969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghulam","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Chair of New Emerging Technologies and 5G Networks and Beyond, Computer Engineering Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahoor","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Wah 47040, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1233-1774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salman A.","family":"AlQahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Chair of New Emerging Technologies and 5G Networks and Beyond, Computer Engineering Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4629","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2018.2794459","article-title":"Cache-induced hierarchical cooperation in wireless device-to-device caching networks","volume":"64","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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