{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T16:28:00Z","timestamp":1784996880225,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taif University Researchers Supporting Project","award":["TURSP-2020\/36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP-2020\/36"]}]},{"name":"Taif University Researchers Supporting Project","award":["PNURSP2022R97"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2022R97"]}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers","award":["TURSP-2020\/36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP-2020\/36"]}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers","award":["PNURSP2022R97"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2022R97"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have emerged as the most widely used wireless network infrastructure in many applications. Sensing nodes are frequently deployed in hostile aquatic environments in order to collect data on resources that are severely limited in terms of transmission time and bandwidth. Since underwater information is very sensitive and unique, the authentication of users is very important to access the data and information. UWSNs have unique communication and computation needs that are not met by the existing digital signature techniques. As a result, a lightweight signature scheme is required to meet the communication and computation requirements. In this research, we present a Certificateless Online\/Offline Signature (COOS) mechanism for UWSNs. The proposed scheme is based on the concept of a hyperelliptic curves cryptosystem, which offers the same degree of security as RSA, bilinear pairing, and elliptic curve cryptosystems (ECC) but with a smaller key size. In addition, the proposed scheme was proven secure in the random oracle model under the hyperelliptic curve discrete logarithm problem. A security analysis was also carried out, as well as comparisons with appropriate current online\/offline signature schemes. The comparison demonstrated that the proposed scheme is superior to the existing schemes in terms of both security and efficiency. Additionally, we also employed the fuzzy-based Evaluation-based Distance from Average Solutions (EDAS) technique to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22145150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:06:21Z","timestamp":1657497981000},"page":"5150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Computationally Efficient Online\/Offline Signature Scheme for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5406-0389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Sajid","family":"Ullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Agder (UiA), N-4898 Grimstad, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1523-1330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saddam","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1919-3407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mueen","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computing and IT, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Doha 24449, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1585-2962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roobaea","family":"Alroobaea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5045-7485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jawaid","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0511-0159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah M.","family":"Baqasah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha","family":"Abdelhaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8227-9110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raed","family":"Alsaqour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 93499, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alfouzan, F.A. (2021). Energy-efficient collision avoidance MAC protocols for underwater sensor networks: Survey and challenges. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse9070741"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandhiyaa, S., and Gomathy, C.A. (2021, January 11\u201313). Survey on underwater wireless sensor networks: Challenges, requirements, and opportunities. 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