{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T20:34:17Z","timestamp":1773693257071,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]],"date-time":"2022-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project","award":["E2020402064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E2020402064"]}]},{"name":"Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project","award":["215676140H"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["215676140H"]}]},{"name":"Hebei Innovation Capacity Enhancement Programme Project","award":["E2020402064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E2020402064"]}]},{"name":"Hebei Innovation Capacity Enhancement Programme Project","award":["215676140H"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["215676140H"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aiming at the problem of the inefficiency of coal mine water reuse, a multi-level scheduling method for mine water reuse based on an improved whale optimization algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the optimization objects of mine water reuse time and reuse cost are used to establish the optimal scheduling model of mine water. Secondly, in order to overcome the defect that the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is prone to local convergence, the opposition-based learning strategy is introduced to speed up the convergence speed, the Levy flight strategy is used to enhance the ability of the algorithm to jump out of the local optimization, the nonlinear convergence factor is used to balance the global and local search ability, and the adaptive inertia weight is used to improve the optimization accuracy of the algorithm. Finally, the improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA) is applied to the mine water optimization scheduling model with multiple objects and constraints. The results show that the reuse efficiency of the multi-level scheduling method of mine water reuse is increased by 30.2% and 31.9%, respectively, in the heating and nonheating seasons, which can significantly improve the reuse efficiency of mine water and realize the efficient utilization of mine water reuse deployment. At the same time, experiments show that the improved whale optimization algorithm has higher convergence accuracy and speed, which proves the feasibility and superiority of its improvement strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22145164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:06:21Z","timestamp":1657497981000},"page":"5164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Research on Multi-Level Scheduling of Mine Water Reuse Based on Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9975-1477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Bo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Electronic & Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Electronic & Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6042-0627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Electronic & Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuangan","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Electronic & Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zihang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Electronic & Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Equipment Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mine water drainage pollution in China\u2019s coal mining areas and the construction of prevention and control technical system","volume":"49","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Coal Geol. 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