{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T22:13:41Z","timestamp":1773094421376,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PROPESP\/UFPA"},{"name":"CAPES"},{"name":"CNPq\/BRASIL"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The 5G deployment brings forth the usage of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) to assist wireless networks by providing improved signal coverage, acting as relays or base-stations. Another technology that could help achieve 5G massive machine-type communications (mMtc) goals is the Long Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) communication protocol. This paper studied these complementary technologies, LoRa and UAV, through measurement campaigns in suburban, densely forested environments. Downlink and uplink communication at different heights and spreading factors (SF) demonstrate distinct behavior through our analysis. Moreover, a neural network was trained to predict the measured signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) behavior and results compared with SNR regression models. For the downlink scenario, the neural network results show a root mean square error (RMSE) variation between 1.2322\u20131.6623 dB, with an error standard deviation (SD) less than 1.6730 dB. For the uplink, the RMSE variation was between 0.8714\u20131.3891 dB, with an error SD less than 1.1706 dB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22145233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T00:12:40Z","timestamp":1657757560000},"page":"5233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["SNR Prediction with ANN for UAV Applications in IoT Networks Based on Measurements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Caio M. M.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Graduate Department, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Fabr\u00edcio J. B.","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Graduate Department, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Joel A. R.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Graduate Department, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Artur A.","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Graduate Department, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9033-6410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo A. O.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Graduate Department, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8551-2261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi\u00e9rcio C.","family":"de Alc\u00e2ntara Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Graduate Department, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3514-0401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasmine P. L.","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Graduate Department, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55765","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2872781","article-title":"5G Wireless Network Slicing for eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC: A Communication-Theoretic View","volume":"6","author":"Popovski","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Lathi, B.P. (2009). Modern Digital and Analog Communications Systems, Oxford University Press Inc."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"SEMTECH (2022, March 12). AN1200.22 LoRa\u2122 Modulation Basics, Application Note. Available online: https:\/\/www.frugalprototype.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/an1200.22.pdf."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marchese, M., Moheddine, A., and Patrone, F. 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