{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T05:43:09Z","timestamp":1774330989443,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Nation Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11474258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11474258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Nation Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SKLA202206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLA202206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011368","name":"State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11474258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11474258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011368","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011368","name":"State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SKLA202206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLA202206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011368","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Scholte waves at the seafloor have significant potential for underwater detection and communication, so a study about detecting Scholte waves is very meaningful in practice. In this paper, the detection of Scholte waves at the seafloor is researched theoretically and experimentally. Acoustic models with the multilayer elastic bottom are established according to the ocean environment, and a tank experiment is designed and carried out to detect Scholte waves. Different from detecting Scholte waves in the seismic wavefield, a technique for detecting Scholte waves in the sound pressure field is proposed in this paper. The experimental results show that the proposed technique can detect Scholte waves effectively, and there are no problems such as seabed coupling and the effect of wave speeds. Furthermore, the results also show that this detection technique is still effective in conditions with a sediment layer. The existence of sediment layers changes the acoustic field conditions and affects the excitation of Scholte waves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22145344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T00:19:21Z","timestamp":1658189961000},"page":"5344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Study on a Detection Technique for Scholte Waves at the Seafloor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8992-2567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minshuai","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2909-7320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaokun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linhui","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1947.tb00347.x","article-title":"The range of existence of Rayleigh and Stoneley waves","volume":"5","author":"Scholte","year":"1947","journal-title":"Geophys. Suppl. Mon. Not. R. Soc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75A83","DOI":"10.1190\/1.3479491","article-title":"Surface-wave analysis for building near-surface velocity models\u2014Established approaches and new perspectives","volume":"75","author":"Socco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s10950-008-9145-8","article-title":"Inversion of Scholte wave dispersion and waveform modeling for shallow structure of the Ninetyeast Ridge","volume":"13","author":"Nguyen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Seismol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1527099","article-title":"Estimating shallow shear velocities with marine multicomponent seismic data","volume":"67","author":"Ritzwoller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:8(970)","article-title":"Mitigation of near-field effects for seismic surface wave velocity estimation with cylindrical beamformers","volume":"131","author":"Zywicki","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Geotech. Geoenvironmental Eng."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4765948","article-title":"Measurement and modeling of Scholte wave dispersion in coastal waters","volume":"Volume 1495","author":"Potty","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proceedings of the AIP Conference Proceedings"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, Y., Piao, S., Gong, L., Zheng, G., Iqbal, K., Zhang, S., and Wang, X. (2021). Scholte wave dispersion modeling and subsequent application in seabed shear-wave velocity profile inversion. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse9080840"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0002975","article-title":"Physics-based characterization of soft marine sediments using vector sensors","volume":"149","author":"Godin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1109\/48.468251","article-title":"Beamforming on seismic interface waves with an array of geophones on the shallow sea floor","volume":"20","author":"TenCate","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEE J. Ocean. Eng."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, B., and Li, H. (2021). Characteristics of Scholte Wave for Target Detection. Advances in Wireless Communications and Applications, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-5697-5_14"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1190\/tle40080576.1","article-title":"Scholte wave inversion and passive source imaging with ocean-bottom DAS","volume":"40","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lead. Edge"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Rauch, D. (1980). Seismic Interface Waves in Coastal Waters: A Review, SACLANTCEN SR-42, SACLANT ASW Research Centre."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s11001-012-9148-2","article-title":"A case study: Imaging OBS multiples of South China Sea","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mar. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3992","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0002949","article-title":"Observation and inversion of very-low-frequency seismo-acoustic fields in the South China Sea","volume":"148","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"56","article-title":"Present Situation and Prospect of Submarine Seismic Observation Technology","volume":"33","author":"Pan","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. China Earthq. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"3199","article-title":"Signal transfer and noise level of Ocean Bottom Seismometers","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"076004","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0005671","article-title":"Anomalous dispersion observed in signal arrivals at a deep-sea floor receiver","volume":"1","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"JASA Express Lett."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1464","article-title":"Effect of three-dimensional seamount topography on very low frequency sound field in deep water","volume":"41","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Harbin Eng. Univ."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012023","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2246\/1\/012023","article-title":"Seismo-acoustic signal extraction from shallow sea seabed seimic wave field based on FK method","volume":"2246","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9410(1993)119:7(1112)","article-title":"Automated surface wave method: Inversion technique","volume":"119","author":"Yuan","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Geotech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Meng, X., Zhang, J., Zhao, S., and Wang, X. (2021, January 12\u201314). Study on the Influence of Shallow Sea Sediments on the Frequency Dispersion of Scholte Wave in Ship Seismic Wave. Proceedings of the ICMLCA 2021; 2nd International Conference on Machine Learning and Computer Application, VDE, Shenyang, China."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"EL182","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4740227","article-title":"Elastic Pekeris waveguide normal mode solution comparisons against laboratory data","volume":"132","author":"Schneiderwind","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1121\/1.385100","article-title":"Geoacoustic modeling of the sea floor","volume":"68","author":"Hamilton","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heacock, J.G. (1977). The Earth\u2019s Crust: Its Nature and Physical Properties, American Geophysical Union.","DOI":"10.1029\/GM020"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jensen, F.B., Kuperman, W.A., Porter, M.B., Schmidt, H., and Tolstoy, A. (2011). Computational Ocean Acoustics, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-8678-8"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ewing, W.M., Jardetzky, W.S., Press, F., and Beiser, A. (1957). Elastic Waves in Layered Media, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3060203"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1121\/1.388850","article-title":"Improved methods for determining eigenfunctions in multilayered normal-mode problems","volume":"73","author":"Hall","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Porter, M.B. (1992). The KRAKEN Normal Mode Program, Naval Research Lab. Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"070002","DOI":"10.1121\/2.0000842","article-title":"Modeling acoustic wave propagation and reverberation in an ice covered environment using finite element analysis","volume":"Volume 33","author":"Simon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Meetings on Acoustics 175ASA"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/14\/5344\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:52:44Z","timestamp":1760140364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/14\/5344"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s22145344"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22145344","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]]}}}