{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:50:47Z","timestamp":1760230247278,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper describes a compact electronic system employing a synchronous demodulation measurement method for the acquisition of pulsed-current signals. The fabricated prototype shows superior performance in terms of signal-to-noise ratio in comparison to conventional instrumentation performing free-running measurements, especially when extremely narrow pulses are concerned. It shows a reading error around 0.1% independently of the signal duty cycle (D) in the investigated D = 10\u22124\u201310\u22123 range. Conversely, high-precision electrometers display reading errors as high as 30% for a D = 10\u22124, which reduces to less than 1% only for D &gt; 3 \u00d7 10\u22123. Field tests demonstrate that the developed front-end\/readout electronics is particularly effective when coupled to dosimeters irradiated with the X-rays sourced by a medical linear accelerator. Therefore, it may surely be exploited for the real-time monitoring of the dosimeter output current, as required in modern radiotherapy techniques employing ultra-narrow pulses of high-energy photons or nuclear particles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22145360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T00:19:21Z","timestamp":1658189961000},"page":"5360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Accurate Signal Conditioning for Pulsed-Current Synchronous Measurements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Pettinato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi Niccol\u00f2 Cusano, Via don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Strada Provinciale 35D 9, Montelibretti, 00010 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0063-3636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Girolami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Strada Provinciale 35D 9, Montelibretti, 00010 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Salvatori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi Niccol\u00f2 Cusano, Via don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Strada Provinciale 35D 9, Montelibretti, 00010 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1109\/19.252529","article-title":"Differential synchronous demodulation for small signal amplitude estimation","volume":"42","author":"Koukourlis","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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